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Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. It can be expressed as a sum of a series of Lorentz oscillators. In a typical SFG setup, two laser beams mix at an interface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies, traveling in a direction allegedly given by the sum of the incident beams' wavevectors. The technique was developed in 1987 by Yuen-Ron Shen and his students as an extension of second harmonic generation spectroscopy and rapidly applied to deduce the composition, orientation distributions, and structural information of molecules at gas–solid, gas–liquid and liquid–solid interfaces. Soon after its invention, Philippe Guyot-Sionnest extended the techni

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  • Die Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (SFS, englisch sum frequency spectroscopy, auch sum frequency generation spectroscopy, SFGS, vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy, VSFS, oder sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy, SFVS, genannt) ist ein molekülspektroskopisches Verfahren, das auf einem nichtlinear optischen Effekt zweiter Ordnung bei der Summenfrequenzerzeugung (englisch sum frequency generation, SFG) basiert. Sie ist eng verwandt mit der Raman- und der Infrarotspektroskopie. Die Methode zur Aufnahmen ganzer Spektren wurde 1986 von X. D. Zhu, einem Mitarbeiter aus der Forschungsgruppe von Yuen-Ron Shen, beschrieben. Die Gruppe hatte damals nach einer selektiven Methode zur Untersuchung von Oberflächen von zentrosymmetrischen Materialien, wie Flüssigkeiten, Gasen und optisch isotropen Festkörpern im infraroten Spektralbereich gesucht und hatte bereits einige Jahre zuvor über ein ähnliches Messsystem berichtet. Damals stand jedoch noch kein durchstimmbarer Laser zur Aufnahme von Spektren zur Verfügung, so dass erste Untersuchungen nur an einer durch die beiden Laser festgelegten Frequenz durchgeführt werden konnten. (de)
  • Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. It can be expressed as a sum of a series of Lorentz oscillators. In a typical SFG setup, two laser beams mix at an interface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies, traveling in a direction allegedly given by the sum of the incident beams' wavevectors. The technique was developed in 1987 by Yuen-Ron Shen and his students as an extension of second harmonic generation spectroscopy and rapidly applied to deduce the composition, orientation distributions, and structural information of molecules at gas–solid, gas–liquid and liquid–solid interfaces. Soon after its invention, Philippe Guyot-Sionnest extended the technique to obtain the first measurements of electronic and vibrational dynamics at surfaces. SFG has advantages in its ability to be monolayer surface sensitive, ability to be performed in situ (for example aqueous surfaces and in gases), and its capability to provide ultrafast time resolution. SFG gives information complementary to infrared and Raman spectroscopy. (en)
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  • Die Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (SFS, englisch sum frequency spectroscopy, auch sum frequency generation spectroscopy, SFGS, vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy, VSFS, oder sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy, SFVS, genannt) ist ein molekülspektroskopisches Verfahren, das auf einem nichtlinear optischen Effekt zweiter Ordnung bei der Summenfrequenzerzeugung (englisch sum frequency generation, SFG) basiert. Sie ist eng verwandt mit der Raman- und der Infrarotspektroskopie. (de)
  • Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. It can be expressed as a sum of a series of Lorentz oscillators. In a typical SFG setup, two laser beams mix at an interface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies, traveling in a direction allegedly given by the sum of the incident beams' wavevectors. The technique was developed in 1987 by Yuen-Ron Shen and his students as an extension of second harmonic generation spectroscopy and rapidly applied to deduce the composition, orientation distributions, and structural information of molecules at gas–solid, gas–liquid and liquid–solid interfaces. Soon after its invention, Philippe Guyot-Sionnest extended the techni (en)
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  • Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (de)
  • Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (en)
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