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A stand-your-ground law (sometimes called "line in the sand" or "no duty to retreat" law) provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense). Under such a law, people have no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense, so long as they are in a place where they are lawfully present. The exact details vary by jurisdiction.

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  • Als Stand-Your-Ground-Laws (englisch stand your ground, übersetzt etwa „nicht von der Stelle weichen“, „seinen Platz behaupten“) werden umgangssprachlich Gesetze von zurzeit über 30 amerikanischen Bundesstaaten bezeichnet, die es einer Person erlauben, im Extremfall tödliche Gewalt anzuwenden, um sich gegen einen rechtswidrigen Angriff zu wehren. Sie setzen die im amerikanischen Recht etablierte Pflicht außer Kraft, vor einem Einbrecher oder Angreifer zurückzuweichen, bevor man zu „defensiven Maßnahmen greift, die eine andere Person töten oder schwer verletzen sollen oder dieses verursachen können“. (de)
  • Oni nomas leĝojn de necedado (angle Stand-Your-Ground-Laws) leĝojn de ĉ. 26 ŝtatoj de Usono, kiuj permesas uzi perforton ĝis mortigan, por defendi sin kontraŭ atako. Tiuj leĝoj superregas la ĝeneralan devon, cedi al atakanto, antaŭ ol oni prenas mezurojn, kiuj celas mortigi alian personon aŭ ege vundi. (eo)
  • Aux États-Unis, une stand-your-ground law (« loi Défendez votre territoire ») — que les opposant qualifient de shoot first law (« loi Tirez d'abord ») — affirme qu'une personne peut utiliser une force raisonnable dans le cas de légitime défense quand elle croit de façon raisonnable qu'elle est soumise à une menace illégale, sans obligation de battre en retraite, en mentionnant "that there is no duty to retreat from an attacker in any place in which one is lawfully present" (il n'y a pas d'obligation de battre en retraite face à un agresseur dans tout lieu où une personne est légalement présente). Ce concept existe en droit statutaire[Quoi ?] et parfois, lorsqu'il y a un précédent, dans le common law. Elle peut s'appliquer lorsqu'il faut défendre sa maison ou son véhicule, ou son lieu de travail (dans ces trois derniers cas, il s'agit d'une Castle Doctrine), ou encore tous les lieux occupés de façon légale (Stand Your Ground Law). Selon cette doctrine, une personne est justifiée d'user d'une force mortelle avec arme à feu dans certaines situations et une stand-your-ground law peut alors être invoquée pour obtenir une immunité contre des poursuites civiles ou pénales. Lorsqu'elle est accordée, l'immunité protège la personne de toute procédure judiciaire relative à l'affaire, que ce soit une poursuite, des accusations, une arrestation ou une détention. Celle-ci est considérée comme « une conception très large de l'autodéfense » et, depuis 2005, est invoquée de multiples fois lors de procès de meurtres pour défendre l'accusé. (fr)
  • A stand-your-ground law (sometimes called "line in the sand" or "no duty to retreat" law) provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense). Under such a law, people have no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense, so long as they are in a place where they are lawfully present. The exact details vary by jurisdiction. The alternative to stand your ground is "duty to retreat". In jurisdictions that implement a duty to retreat, even a person who is unlawfully attacked (or who is defending someone who is unlawfully attacked) may not use deadly force if it is possible to instead avoid the danger with complete safety by retreating. Even areas that impose a duty to retreat generally follow the "castle doctrine", under which people have no duty to retreat when they are attacked in their homes, or (in some places) in their vehicles or workplaces. The castle doctrine and "stand-your-ground" laws provide legal defenses to persons who have been charged with various use of force crimes against persons, such as murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and illegal discharge or brandishing of weapons, as well as attempts to commit such crimes. Whether a jurisdiction follows stand-your-ground or duty-to-retreat is just one element of its self-defense laws. Different jurisdictions allow deadly force against different crimes. All American states allow it against deadly force, great bodily injury, and likely kidnapping or rape; some also allow it against threat of robbery and burglary. A 2020 RAND Corporation review of existing research concluded that "There is supportive evidence that stand-your-ground laws are associated with increases in firearm homicides and moderate evidence that they increase the total number of homicides." (en)
  • 坚守阵地法(Stand-your-ground law)是指当在受到威胁或者感到威胁时有权保护自身或者他人(即使动用的手段可能致命),而无需考虑是否有安全撤退以避免危险的可能性。该法律有时也被称为“底线法”(Line-in-the-sand law)或者“不退让法”(No-duty-to-retreat law)。此法律一般会如此规定,一个人在他可以合法停留的区域中(但此类区域的定义可能不同)不需要履行(Duty to retreat),如果他有理由认为他已经受到、或者即将收到会致伤或者致死的严重威胁,那么他可以使用任何可能的手段进行反击。 城堡法是普通法系的一条法律原则,是指一个人在他的住所(或者法律中规定的“城堡”区域)中没有退让义务,可以使用包括致死手段的武力来保卫他和其他人的财产和人身安全。而在此区域之外时,一个人则需要在动用致死武力前尽可能履行退让义务。 在普通法系中,如果存在撤退避险的可能性(也即撤退义务)则不能进行自卫。城堡法则是一个例外,它免除在家进行自卫的个体的责任(即使该个体存在撤退避险的可能并且未能完成避险)。退让义务在一些司法审判中是一项法律上的要求,受到威胁的个体不可以坚守阵地并且使用致命武力自卫,而是应该撤退到安全的地方避免威胁。致命武力是指可能对他人造成重伤或者致死的武力。在大多数司法管辖区中都只接受在极度需要时使用致命武力,或者致命武力已经是最后手段时才能使用。 兰德公司在2018年的一项研究中声称,“有部分证据支持坚守阵地法有可能增加谋杀率,但只有有限证据支持该法(坚守阵地法)会特别地增加火器导致的谋杀”("there is moderate evidence that stand-your-ground laws may increase homicide rates and limited evidence that the laws increase firearm homicides in particular")。 (zh)
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  • Defence — use or threat of force 34 A person is not guilty of an offence if they believe on reasonable grounds that force is being used against them or another person or that a threat of force is being made against them or another person; the act that constitutes the offence is committed for the purpose of defending or protecting themselves or the other person from that use or threat of force; and the act committed is reasonable in the circumstances. [omitted ] No defence Subsection does not apply if the force is used or threatened by another person for the purpose of doing something that they are required or authorized by law to do in the administration or enforcement of the law, unless the person who commits the act that constitutes the offence believes on reasonable grounds that the other person is acting unlawfully. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 34; 1992, c. 1, s. 60; 2012, c. 9, s. 2. (en)
  • Defence — property 35 A person is not guilty of an offence if they either believe on reasonable grounds that they are in peaceable possession of property or are acting under the authority of, or lawfully assisting, a person whom they believe on reasonable grounds is in peaceable possession of property; they believe on reasonable grounds that another person is about to enter, is entering or has entered the property without being entitled by law to do so, is about to take the property, is doing so or has just done so, or is about to damage or destroy the property, or make it inoperative, or is doing so; the act that constitutes the offence is committed for the purpose of preventing the other person from entering the property, or removing that person from the property, or preventing the other person from taking, damaging or destroying the property or from making it inoperative, or retaking the property from that person; and the act committed is reasonable in the circumstances. No defence Subsection does not apply if the person who believes on reasonable grounds that they are, or who is believed on reasonable grounds to be, in peaceable possession of the property does not have a claim of right to it and the other person is entitled to its possession by law. No defence Subsection does not apply if the other person is doing something that they are required or authorized by law to do in the administration or enforcement of the law, unless the person who commits the act that constitutes the offence believes on reasonable grounds that the other person is acting unlawfully. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 35; 2012, c. 9, s. 2. (en)
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  • Als Stand-Your-Ground-Laws (englisch stand your ground, übersetzt etwa „nicht von der Stelle weichen“, „seinen Platz behaupten“) werden umgangssprachlich Gesetze von zurzeit über 30 amerikanischen Bundesstaaten bezeichnet, die es einer Person erlauben, im Extremfall tödliche Gewalt anzuwenden, um sich gegen einen rechtswidrigen Angriff zu wehren. Sie setzen die im amerikanischen Recht etablierte Pflicht außer Kraft, vor einem Einbrecher oder Angreifer zurückzuweichen, bevor man zu „defensiven Maßnahmen greift, die eine andere Person töten oder schwer verletzen sollen oder dieses verursachen können“. (de)
  • Oni nomas leĝojn de necedado (angle Stand-Your-Ground-Laws) leĝojn de ĉ. 26 ŝtatoj de Usono, kiuj permesas uzi perforton ĝis mortigan, por defendi sin kontraŭ atako. Tiuj leĝoj superregas la ĝeneralan devon, cedi al atakanto, antaŭ ol oni prenas mezurojn, kiuj celas mortigi alian personon aŭ ege vundi. (eo)
  • Aux États-Unis, une stand-your-ground law (« loi Défendez votre territoire ») — que les opposant qualifient de shoot first law (« loi Tirez d'abord ») — affirme qu'une personne peut utiliser une force raisonnable dans le cas de légitime défense quand elle croit de façon raisonnable qu'elle est soumise à une menace illégale, sans obligation de battre en retraite, en mentionnant "that there is no duty to retreat from an attacker in any place in which one is lawfully present" (il n'y a pas d'obligation de battre en retraite face à un agresseur dans tout lieu où une personne est légalement présente). Ce concept existe en droit statutaire[Quoi ?] et parfois, lorsqu'il y a un précédent, dans le common law. Elle peut s'appliquer lorsqu'il faut défendre sa maison ou son véhicule, ou son lieu de t (fr)
  • A stand-your-ground law (sometimes called "line in the sand" or "no duty to retreat" law) provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense). Under such a law, people have no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense, so long as they are in a place where they are lawfully present. The exact details vary by jurisdiction. (en)
  • 坚守阵地法(Stand-your-ground law)是指当在受到威胁或者感到威胁时有权保护自身或者他人(即使动用的手段可能致命),而无需考虑是否有安全撤退以避免危险的可能性。该法律有时也被称为“底线法”(Line-in-the-sand law)或者“不退让法”(No-duty-to-retreat law)。此法律一般会如此规定,一个人在他可以合法停留的区域中(但此类区域的定义可能不同)不需要履行(Duty to retreat),如果他有理由认为他已经受到、或者即将收到会致伤或者致死的严重威胁,那么他可以使用任何可能的手段进行反击。 城堡法是普通法系的一条法律原则,是指一个人在他的住所(或者法律中规定的“城堡”区域)中没有退让义务,可以使用包括致死手段的武力来保卫他和其他人的财产和人身安全。而在此区域之外时,一个人则需要在动用致死武力前尽可能履行退让义务。 (zh)
rdfs:label
  • Stand-your-ground law (en)
  • Stand-your-ground law (de)
  • Leĝo de necedado (eo)
  • Stand-your-ground law (fr)
  • Stand your ground (sv)
  • 坚守阵地法 (zh)
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