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Ross Island Penal Colony was a convict settlement that was established in 1858 in the remote Andaman Islands by the British colonial government in India, primarily to jail a large number of prisoners from the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny. With the establishment of the penal colony at Ross Island, the British administration made it the administrative headquarters for the entire group of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and built bungalows and other facilities on the site. This colony was meant as "manageable models of colonial governance and rehabilitation". The Chief Commissioner's residence was located at the highest point on the island. Over time, several other islands including Chatham and Viper were used for the penal colony.

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  • La colonia penitenciaria de la isla de Ross fue un asentamiento para convictos que la Administración Británica en la India estableció en 1858 en las remotas islas Andamán, fundamentalmente para encerrar a un gran número de prisioneros de la rebelión en la India de 1857 —también conocido como el Motín indio—. Con el establecimiento de la colonia en la isla de Ross, el gobierno británico construyó en el lugar bungalós e instalaciones gubernamentales para la gestión del archipiélago de Andamán y Nicobar. Tenía la intención de ser usado como «modelos razonables de gobernación y rehabilitación coloniales». Llegó a ser conocido como «Kalapani» —nombre con el que se conocían las celdas celulares—, debido a las brutalidades infligidas por los británicos sobre los presos políticos de la India. De hecho, muchos habían muerto hacia 1860 debido a las enfermedades y torturas sufridas cuando se eliminó parte del bosque para establecer la colonia, que por un corto tiempo trató de civilizar a los indígenas de las Andamán en años posteriores. Además, fue utilizada como centro experimental para varios métodos de tortura y pruebas médicas. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la isla fue invadida por el Ejército Imperial Japonés, lo que obligó a los británicos a evacuarla. Los edificios administrativos fueron destruidos aunque la cárcel permaneció. Tras la recaptura por parte de los Aliados, se desmanteló el 7 de octubre de 1945. (es)
  • Ross Island Penal Colony was a convict settlement that was established in 1858 in the remote Andaman Islands by the British colonial government in India, primarily to jail a large number of prisoners from the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny. With the establishment of the penal colony at Ross Island, the British administration made it the administrative headquarters for the entire group of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and built bungalows and other facilities on the site. This colony was meant as "manageable models of colonial governance and rehabilitation". The Chief Commissioner's residence was located at the highest point on the island. Over time, several other islands including Chatham and Viper were used for the penal colony. The penal colony became infamous as "Kalapani" or "black water" for the brutalities inflicted by the British authorities on the political prisoners from India, and most of whom had died by 1860 due to illness and torture suffered during the initial stages of the clearance of the forest to establish the colony. In later years the colony experimented for a short time with civilizing the indigenous people of Andamans. The penal colony was used as an experimental station for various methods of torture and medical tests. During World War II, the island was invaded by the Japanese army, forcing the British to evacuate. The administrative buildings were destroyed but the penal colony remained. After the Allied forces reoccupied the island the penal colony was disbanded on 7 October 1945. (en)
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  • La colonia penitenciaria de la isla de Ross fue un asentamiento para convictos que la Administración Británica en la India estableció en 1858 en las remotas islas Andamán, fundamentalmente para encerrar a un gran número de prisioneros de la rebelión en la India de 1857 —también conocido como el Motín indio—. Con el establecimiento de la colonia en la isla de Ross, el gobierno británico construyó en el lugar bungalós e instalaciones gubernamentales para la gestión del archipiélago de Andamán y Nicobar. Tenía la intención de ser usado como «modelos razonables de gobernación y rehabilitación coloniales». (es)
  • Ross Island Penal Colony was a convict settlement that was established in 1858 in the remote Andaman Islands by the British colonial government in India, primarily to jail a large number of prisoners from the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny. With the establishment of the penal colony at Ross Island, the British administration made it the administrative headquarters for the entire group of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and built bungalows and other facilities on the site. This colony was meant as "manageable models of colonial governance and rehabilitation". The Chief Commissioner's residence was located at the highest point on the island. Over time, several other islands including Chatham and Viper were used for the penal colony. (en)
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  • Colonia penitenciaria de la isla de Ross (es)
  • Ross Island Penal Colony (en)
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