About: Retinene

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The retinenes (retinene1 and retinene2) are chemical derivatives of vitamin A (see retinol) formed through oxidation reactions. Retinene1 is better known as retinal and is fundamental in the transduction of light into visual signals in the photoreceptor level of the retina (known as the visual cycle). Retinene2 is more formally known as dehydroretinal. "The names of all these molecules have recently been changed ... vitamin A is now retinol, retinene is retinal; there is also retinoic acid"—George Wald (1967).

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  • The retinenes (retinene1 and retinene2) are chemical derivatives of vitamin A (see retinol) formed through oxidation reactions. Retinene1 is better known as retinal and is fundamental in the transduction of light into visual signals in the photoreceptor level of the retina (known as the visual cycle). Retinene2 is more formally known as dehydroretinal. The energy of impinging photons will convert retinaldehyde from an 11-cis isomer into an all-trans form. In the retina, this conversion induces a conformational change in the surrounding opsin protein pigment, leading to signaling through the G protein transducin. Retinaldehyde also forms a part of bacteriorhodopsin, a light-induced proton pump found in some archaea. Experimentally, it is possible to replace 11-cis retinaldehyde by perfusing retinal tissue preparations with retinaldehyde derivatives. Selective modification of the retinaldehyde structure, particularly the density of electrons in the π-orbitals, can lead to insights into the interaction between the retinaldehyde moiety and the surrounding pigment protein. "The names of all these molecules have recently been changed ... vitamin A is now retinol, retinene is retinal; there is also retinoic acid"—George Wald (1967). (en)
  • 레티넨(retinene)은 비타민 A의 산화 반응을 통해 형성된 화합물이다. 레티넨-1은 레티날로 더 잘 알려져 있으며, 망막의 광수용체가 빛을 시각 신호로 변환하는 데 필수적으로 필요한 물질이다. 레티넨-2는 로 잘 알려져 있다. 충돌하는 광자는 11-시스-레티날을 트랜스-레티날로 전환시킨다. 이 과정으로 트랜스-레티날은 단백질의 입체구조 변화를 유도하여 G-단백질의 일종인 G-트랜스듀신을 활성화시킨다. 레티날은 또한 일부 고고학에서 발견되는 빛을 이용한 양성자 펌프인 박테리오로돕신의 일부를 형성한다. 실험적으로 레티날 유도체와 망막 조직 제제를 함께 주입함으로써 11-시스-레티날을 대체할 수 있다. 레티날 구조의 선택적 변형, 특히 π-결합에서 전자의 밀도는 레티날과 주변 색소 단백질 사이의 상호 작용에 대해 잘 설명한다. 조지 월드는 1967년 "이 모든 분자의 이름은 최근에 변경되었다. 비타민 A는 이제 레티놀이고, 레티넨은 레티날이며, 레티노산도 있다."라고 발언하였다. (ko)
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  • 1968 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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  • The retinenes (retinene1 and retinene2) are chemical derivatives of vitamin A (see retinol) formed through oxidation reactions. Retinene1 is better known as retinal and is fundamental in the transduction of light into visual signals in the photoreceptor level of the retina (known as the visual cycle). Retinene2 is more formally known as dehydroretinal. "The names of all these molecules have recently been changed ... vitamin A is now retinol, retinene is retinal; there is also retinoic acid"—George Wald (1967). (en)
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  • 레티넨 (ko)
  • Retinene (en)
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