About: Onium ion

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In chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, NH+4, the protonated derivative of ammonia, NH3. A simple onium ion has a charge of +1. A larger ion that has two onium ion subgroups is called a double onium ion, and has a charge of +2. A triple onium ion has a charge of +3, and so on. Onium ions and onium compounds are inversely analogous to -ate ions and ate complexes:

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  • Oniový ion je kation, který lze odvodit protonací jednojaderného hydridu, obvykle odvozeného od pniktogenu (15. skupina), chalkogenu (16. skupina) nebo halogenu (17. skupina). Prvním známým takovým iontem, po kterém jsou i pojmenovány ostatní, je amonný kation (NH +4 ), vzniklý protonací amoniaku (NH3). Označení onium se používá i pro kationty odvozené od těchto prvků jinými skupinami, jako jsou organické radikály nebo halogeny, příkladem je ((C6H5)4P+). Substituent může být také dvojvazný či trojvazný, jako například u iminiového a iontu. Jednoduchý oniový ion má náboj +1. Větší ionty obsahující dvě oniové skupiny se nazývají dvojité oniové ionty a mají náboj +2. Podobně mají například trojité oniové ionty náboj +3. Sloučeniny obsahující oniový kation s některým aniontem se nazývají oniové sloučeniny nebo oniové soli. Oniové kationty jsou obrácenými strukturními analogy -átových aniontů a komplexů: * Lewisovy zásady tvoří oniové ionty, pokud z centrálního atomu vychází jedna vazba navíc a stávají se kationty. * Lewisovy kyseliny tvoří átové ionty když z centrálního atomu vychází jedna vazba navíc a stávají se anionty. (cs)
  • In chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, NH+4, the protonated derivative of ammonia, NH3. The name onium is also used for cations that would result from the substitution of hydrogen atoms in those ions by other groups, such as organic radicals, or halogens; such as tetraphenylphosphonium, (C6H5)4P+. The substituent groups may be divalent or trivalent, yielding ions such as iminium and nitrilium. A simple onium ion has a charge of +1. A larger ion that has two onium ion subgroups is called a double onium ion, and has a charge of +2. A triple onium ion has a charge of +3, and so on. Compounds of an onium cation and some other anion are known as onium compounds or onium salts. Onium ions and onium compounds are inversely analogous to -ate ions and ate complexes: * Lewis bases form onium ions when the central atom gains one more bond and becomes a positive cation. * Lewis acids form -ate ions when the central atom gains one more bond and becomes a negative anion. (en)
  • Íons ônio são íons carregados positivamente de alta valência (coordenação elevada) de elementos não metálicos. Eles podem ser obtidos por protonação, alquilação, etc. a partir precursores de ionização de valência mais baixa. Muitos íons ônio são isoláveis como sais estáveis e alguns são conhecidos como intermediários de reações eletrofílicas. [4] O termo íon ônio compreende as seguintes definições: 1. * Um cátion (com seu contraíon) derivado por adição de um próton a um hidreto mononuclear relacionado do nitrogênio, por exemplo, o íon amônio H4N+, e relacionados ao grupo 17 (família dos halogênios). 2. * Derivados formados por substituição dos íons acima por grupos univalentes, notadamente do grupo 15 (família do nitrogênio) e grupo 16 (família do oxigênio) como por exemplo (CH3)2S+, (CH3CH2)4N+. 3. * Derivados formados por substituição dos íons acima por grupos acima tendo duas ou três valências livres sobre o mesmo átomo. Tais derivados são, sempre que possível, designados por um nome específico de classe. Por exemplo íon imínio R2C=NH2+ e nitrílio RC≡NH+. (pt)
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  • Oniový ion je kation, který lze odvodit protonací jednojaderného hydridu, obvykle odvozeného od pniktogenu (15. skupina), chalkogenu (16. skupina) nebo halogenu (17. skupina). Prvním známým takovým iontem, po kterém jsou i pojmenovány ostatní, je amonný kation (NH +4 ), vzniklý protonací amoniaku (NH3). Označení onium se používá i pro kationty odvozené od těchto prvků jinými skupinami, jako jsou organické radikály nebo halogeny, příkladem je ((C6H5)4P+). Substituent může být také dvojvazný či trojvazný, jako například u iminiového a iontu. (cs)
  • In chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, NH+4, the protonated derivative of ammonia, NH3. A simple onium ion has a charge of +1. A larger ion that has two onium ion subgroups is called a double onium ion, and has a charge of +2. A triple onium ion has a charge of +3, and so on. Onium ions and onium compounds are inversely analogous to -ate ions and ate complexes: (en)
  • Íons ônio são íons carregados positivamente de alta valência (coordenação elevada) de elementos não metálicos. Eles podem ser obtidos por protonação, alquilação, etc. a partir precursores de ionização de valência mais baixa. Muitos íons ônio são isoláveis como sais estáveis e alguns são conhecidos como intermediários de reações eletrofílicas. [4] O termo íon ônio compreende as seguintes definições: (pt)
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  • Oniový ion (cs)
  • Onium ion (en)
  • Íon ônio (pt)
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