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The Battle of the Hyères Islands was a naval engagement fought between a combined British and Neapolitan fleet and the French Mediterranean Fleet on 13 July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars. Since the start of the war in 1793 the French fleet had suffered a series of damaging defeats and was restricted to limited operations off the French Mediterranean Coast in the face of a determined allied blockade. The French fleet, commanded by Pierre Martin, had sought to test the blockade during 1795, and in March had been caught by the British, under William Hotham, in the Gulf of Genoa. At the ensuing Battle of Genoa two French ships were captured before Martin was able to retreat to a safe anchorage.

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dbo:abstract
  • Die Schlacht bei den Hyères-Inseln war eine Seeschlacht zwischen französischen und verbündeten anglo-neapolitanischen Streitkräften während des Ersten Koaliotionskrieges. Seit Beginn des Krieges 1793 hatte die französische Flotte eine Reihe verheerender Niederlagen erlitten und war angesichts einer entschlossenen alliierten Blockade auf begrenzte Operationen vor der französischen Mittelmeerküste beschränkt. Die französische Flotte unter dem Kommando von Pierre Martin hatte 1795 versucht, die Blockade zu durchbrechen und war im März vor Genua von den Briten unter William Hotham besiegt worden. Im Frühjahr erhielten sowohl Martin als auch Hotham Verstärkung aus ihren jeweiligen Atlantikflotten. Die Briten segelten vor Menorca, während Martin eine Meuterei unter seinen Matrosen niederschlagen musste. Als die französische Flotte im Juni erneut auslief, kehrte Hotham ins Ligurische Meer zurück und ankerte in der Bucht von Saint-Florent. Anfang Juli wurde Martins Flotte vor Cap Corse von einem britischen Eingreifgeschwader unter Kapitän Horatio Nelson entdeckt, worauf Hotham mit einiger Verspätung die Verfolgung aufnahm. Martin zog sich in Richtung des sicheren Ankerplatzes der Îles d'Hyères zurück. Doch am 13. Juli wurden seine zurückgebliebenen Schiffe von der britischen Vorhut eingeholt. In einem kurzen Gefecht isolierten die Briten, die Alcide und zwangen die Mannschaft zur Kapitulation. Hotham war in der Position, die restliche französische Flotte anzugreifen, lehnte dies jedoch ab. Die Briten hielten ihre Blockade aufrecht, bis sie sich Ende 1796 zurückzogen. (de)
  • The Battle of the Hyères Islands was a naval engagement fought between a combined British and Neapolitan fleet and the French Mediterranean Fleet on 13 July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars. Since the start of the war in 1793 the French fleet had suffered a series of damaging defeats and was restricted to limited operations off the French Mediterranean Coast in the face of a determined allied blockade. The French fleet, commanded by Pierre Martin, had sought to test the blockade during 1795, and in March had been caught by the British, under William Hotham, in the Gulf of Genoa. At the ensuing Battle of Genoa two French ships were captured before Martin was able to retreat to a safe anchorage. During the spring Martin and Hotham both received reinforcements from their respective Atlantic Fleets, the British admiral sailing off Minorca while Martin was forced to put down a mutiny among his sailors. By June Hotham had returned to the Ligurian Sea, anchored in San Fiorenzo Bay, when the French fleet sailed once more. In early July Martin's fleet was discovered off Cap Corse by a British flying squadron under Captain Horatio Nelson and, with some delay, Hotham set off in pursuit. Martin retreated towards the safe anchorage of the Îles d'Hyères, but on 13 July his straggling ships were caught by the British vanguard. In a short battle the British cut off the rearmost ship Alcide and forced it to surrender. Alcide had caught fire during the action and blew up shortly afterwards with heavy loss of life. Hotham was in a position to attack the surviving French fleet but declined, to the frustration of his officers and the criticism of later historians. The British retained their blockade, and Martin did not contest it again for the remainder of the year. This was the last fleet action in the Mediterranean before the British fleet was forced to withdraw in late 1796 – the next major engagement in the region was the Battle of the Nile in 1798. (en)
  • La bataille des îles d'Hyères a été menée le 13 juillet 1795 au large des îles d'Hyères, un groupe d'îles au large de la côte méditerranéenne française, à environ 25 km à l'est de Toulon. La bataille a été menée entre les navires de guerre français commandés par Pierre Martin et les navires britanniques et napolitains sous les ordres de William Hotham et fut une victoire de la coalition sur les Français. Les forces engagées ne sont pas sûres et seule une partie des flottes ont pris part au combat. Le navire français L’Alcide a été détruit. (fr)
  • La Battaglia delle Isole di Hyères (detta anche Battaglia delle Isole d'Oro) fu un combattimento navale avvenuto tra la flotta combinata anglo-napoletana e la flotta francese del Mediterraneo il 13 luglio 1795 nel corso delle Guerre rivoluzionarie francesi. Dall'inizio della guerra nel 1793 la flotta francese aveva subito una serie di sconfitte che avevano limitato le operazioni francesi nel Mediterraneo alle sole aree costiere. La flotta francese, comandata da , aveva cercato di forzare il blocco navale degli inglesi nel 1795, ma a marzo di quello stesso anno era stata bloccata dagli inglesi al comando di nel Golfo di Genova. Nella successiva Battaglia di Genova due navi francesi vennero catturate prima che Martin fosse in grado di ritirarsi in un porto sicuro. Nella primavera sia Martin che Hotham ricevettero dei rinforzi dalle loro rispettive flotte dell'Atlantico, con l'ammiraglio inglese salpato da Minorca mentre Martin venne costretto a reprimere un ammutinamento tra i suoi marinai. Nel mese di giugno Hotham era tornato nel Mar Ligure ed aveva ancorato alla Baia di San Lorenzo, in Corsica. All'inizio di luglio la flotta di Martin venne scoperta al largo di Cap Corse da uno squadrone inglese al comando del capitano Horatio Nelson e, con un poco di ritardo, Hotham si diede alla caccia di quelle navi. Martin si ritirò all'ancoraggio sicuro delle Isole di Hyères, ma il 13 luglio le sue navi vennero colte dall'avanguardia inglese. Dopo un breve scontro gli inglesi riuscirono a colpire la nave francese Alcide e la costrinsero alla resa. L’Alcide prese fuoco nel corso dello scontro e affondò poco dopo con pesanti perdite dell'equipaggio. Hotham era in posizione tale che avrebbe potuto attaccare anche le altre navi francesi, ma evitò di farlo, e questo fatto gli valse la frustrazione dei suoi ufficiali e le critiche dei successivi storici. Gli inglesi mantennero attivo il loro blocco e Martin rimase al suo posto per il resto dell'anno. Questa fu l'ultima azione bellica nel Mediterraneo prima che la flotta inglese venisse costretta a ritirarsi alla fine del 1796. (it)
dbo:causalties
  • 28 wounded
  • 11 killed
dbo:combatant
  • France
  • Naples
dbo:commander
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  • 1795-07-13 (xsd:date)
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  • British-Neapolitan victory
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  • 1 corvette
  • 2 frigates
  • 3 brigs
  • 7 frigates
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  • 19 ships of the line
  • 23 ships of the line
  • 4 brigs (OOB)
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  • Location of the battle. (en)
  • Map of the Western Mediterranean (en)
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  • 1 (xsd:integer)
  • 11 (xsd:integer)
  • 28 (xsd:integer)
  • c. 300 killed and wounded (en)
dbp:combatant
  • France (en)
  • Naples (en)
dbp:commander
  • Horatio Nelson (en)
  • Pierre Martin (en)
  • William Hotham (en)
dbp:conflict
  • Battle of the Hyères Islands (en)
dbp:date
  • 1795-07-13 (xsd:date)
dbp:partof
  • the naval operations during the War of the First Coalition (en)
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  • Off Îles d'Hyères, Mediterranean Sea (en)
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  • British-Neapolitan victory (en)
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  • La bataille des îles d'Hyères a été menée le 13 juillet 1795 au large des îles d'Hyères, un groupe d'îles au large de la côte méditerranéenne française, à environ 25 km à l'est de Toulon. La bataille a été menée entre les navires de guerre français commandés par Pierre Martin et les navires britanniques et napolitains sous les ordres de William Hotham et fut une victoire de la coalition sur les Français. Les forces engagées ne sont pas sûres et seule une partie des flottes ont pris part au combat. Le navire français L’Alcide a été détruit. (fr)
  • The Battle of the Hyères Islands was a naval engagement fought between a combined British and Neapolitan fleet and the French Mediterranean Fleet on 13 July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars. Since the start of the war in 1793 the French fleet had suffered a series of damaging defeats and was restricted to limited operations off the French Mediterranean Coast in the face of a determined allied blockade. The French fleet, commanded by Pierre Martin, had sought to test the blockade during 1795, and in March had been caught by the British, under William Hotham, in the Gulf of Genoa. At the ensuing Battle of Genoa two French ships were captured before Martin was able to retreat to a safe anchorage. (en)
  • Die Schlacht bei den Hyères-Inseln war eine Seeschlacht zwischen französischen und verbündeten anglo-neapolitanischen Streitkräften während des Ersten Koaliotionskrieges. Seit Beginn des Krieges 1793 hatte die französische Flotte eine Reihe verheerender Niederlagen erlitten und war angesichts einer entschlossenen alliierten Blockade auf begrenzte Operationen vor der französischen Mittelmeerküste beschränkt. Die französische Flotte unter dem Kommando von Pierre Martin hatte 1795 versucht, die Blockade zu durchbrechen und war im März vor Genua von den Briten unter William Hotham besiegt worden. (de)
  • La Battaglia delle Isole di Hyères (detta anche Battaglia delle Isole d'Oro) fu un combattimento navale avvenuto tra la flotta combinata anglo-napoletana e la flotta francese del Mediterraneo il 13 luglio 1795 nel corso delle Guerre rivoluzionarie francesi. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Battle of the Hyères Islands (en)
  • Schlacht bei den Hyèrischen Inseln (de)
  • Bataille des îles d'Hyères (fr)
  • Battaglia delle Isole di Hyères (it)
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