| dbo:abstract
|
- Der Terminus Māori-Renaissance bezeichnet die bemerkenswerte Entwicklung der Künste der Māori seit den 1970er Jahren. Obwohl die Māori-Renaissance sich hauptsächlich auf die Künste und die Literatur bezieht, kann sie nicht unabhängig von ihrem politischen und historischem Kontext gesehen werden. Mit der Wirtschaftskrise der 1970er-Jahre und dem weltweiten Ansteigen der Ölpreise war Neuseeland zu radikalen Umstrukturierungen im Arbeitsbereich gezwungen. Die Konsequenzen dieser Umstrukturierungen belasteten stark die Arbeiterklasse Neuseelands. Die Māori, die am stärksten unter den sozialen Konsequenzen zu leiden hatten, nutzten diesen Missstand, um mit starker Bestimmtheit auf ihre Probleme aufmerksam zu machen. Es kam zu Protestmärschen und Landbesetzungen. Die zwei Hauptsächlichen Punkte der Māori-Renaissance waren das Land und die Sprache. Die Māori forderten Land zurück, dass ihnen im Zuge der Kolonisierung weggenommen wurde und sie forderten, dass Māori als zweite offizielle Sprache Neuseelands anerkannt werden würde, was 1987 mit dem verwirklicht wurde. (de)
- The Māori renaissance is the revival in fortunes of the Māori of New Zealand beginning in the 1970s. Until 1914, and possibly later, the perception of the Māori race, although dying out, was capable and worthy of saving, but only within a European system. From the 1970s, government policy changed to promoting a bicultural New Zealand society. This change has led to Maori being politically, culturally and artistically ascendant. Māori population was at a low point at the beginning of the twentieth century with less than 50,000, and the Pākehā population had grown to over 800,000. The total Māori population grew in the 20th century and alongside this was a rebuilding of a cultural, economic and political base. This was the foundation of the Māori renaissance in the 1960s and 70s where, “...by 1940, Māori land was being developed for Māori (with state assistance) rather than sold, Māori political influence was being felt, and a renaissance in Māoritanga was proudly asserted.” Proportional to the total New Zealand population, people claiming to be of Maori descent represented 8 percent in 1966 and about 14 percent in 1996. The roots of the renaissance lie in developments during the inter-war period and with the Māori Battalion (1940-1946), whose performance in World War II (1939-1945) won them many battle honours and decorations, with more individual bravery decorations than any other New Zealand battalion. The renaissance happened across a number of spheres, including the revival of the Māori language (with milestones such as the founding of the first kōhanga reo in 1982 and the passing of the Māori Language Act in 1987); the land-focused Māori protest movement (with the Bastion Point occupation in 1977–1978). The Springbok tour in 1981 led to international connections with other indigenous peoples, and the Te Maori art exhibition (1984-1987) saw Māori exhibiting Māori art internationally for the first time. The culmination arguably came with the Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements starting in 1992, which have addressed the erosion of the Māori economic base. As of 2020, there are a wide range of Māori-owned enterprises such as television and radio broadcasters, businesses and tourism ventures. Additionally, there is significant political representation, and an increasing number of Māori individuals are gaining international reputations for their achievements. Today, Māori people can be found in a wide array of pursuits and activities throughout New Zealand and the world. (en)
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- Der Terminus Māori-Renaissance bezeichnet die bemerkenswerte Entwicklung der Künste der Māori seit den 1970er Jahren. Obwohl die Māori-Renaissance sich hauptsächlich auf die Künste und die Literatur bezieht, kann sie nicht unabhängig von ihrem politischen und historischem Kontext gesehen werden. (de)
- The Māori renaissance is the revival in fortunes of the Māori of New Zealand beginning in the 1970s. Until 1914, and possibly later, the perception of the Māori race, although dying out, was capable and worthy of saving, but only within a European system. From the 1970s, government policy changed to promoting a bicultural New Zealand society. This change has led to Maori being politically, culturally and artistically ascendant. Proportional to the total New Zealand population, people claiming to be of Maori descent represented 8 percent in 1966 and about 14 percent in 1996. (en)
|
