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- Miguel I de Buría, más conocido como El Negro Miguel o Rey Miguel I, fue un esclavo africano que en 1552 encabezó la primera insurrección de esclavos negros contra las autoridades españolas de la Provincia de Venezuela. (es)
- Miguel I of Buría (Spanish: Miguel de Buría; c. 1510 – c. 1555), also known as King Miguel (Spanish: Rey Miguel), Miguel the Black (Spanish: El Negro Miguel) and Miguel Guacamaya, was a former slave from San Juan, Puerto Rico who reigned as the King of Buría in the modern-day state of Lara, Venezuela. His incumbency began in 1552 and lasted until some point between 1553 and 1555. He obtained his political influence and the control of the region adjacent to the Buría River after leading the first African rebellion in the country's history. This may have been because Buría had more slaves than other regions in Venezuela, of which most joined Miguel, and was still being contested between the Europeans and the natives, who also joined his side). During this insurrection he took over the Minas de San Felipe de Buría in modern-day Simón Planas Municipality, gold mines established within the area with the consent of the Spanish Crown to pull out the ore that was discovered in the river, a task that heavily depended on slave work. Miguel, who had a reputation as a rebellious slave, resisted an attempt to use a whiplash to discipline him and led several slaves in an escape. The group established themselves in a settlement built in the adjacent jungle, from where incursions were routinely carried into the mines. During these, Miguel would encourage other slaves to join him and seek freedom. In 1552, and accompanied by about 50 slaves, Miguel led an insurrection against foreman Diego Hernández de Serpa. Killing a Spaniard and sacking and burning some houses, the group took some weapons before fleeing towards the vicinity of the San Pedro river. With his following rearranged to form an army, Miguel I established his royal lineage with his wife Guiomar as queen and their son as prince. His birth and upbringing in San Juan made him the first black king born in the Americas, also influencing him to use the European format for his kingdom. In his settlement, Miguel I also created his own church, naming one of the former slaves bishop. Officers were assigned to the royal household. Other functionaries named included ministers and councilors of state. The Spanish expected more attacks in the region and fortified Nueva Segovia. Miguel led his forces in a clash against those led by Diego de Losada, but was killed in the ensuing battle. The fall of the king led to the dissolution of the political entity that he created, and the remaining survivors were captured and reintroduced to slavery. (en)
- Miguel de Buría (c. 1510 — c. 1555), também conhecido como Negro Miguel, Rey Miguel ou Miguel Guacamaya, foi um ex-escravo de San Juan, Porto Rico que chefiou a primeira insurreição de escravos negros contra as autoridades espanholas da Província da Venezuela. Com seus seguidores rearranjados para formar um exército, Miguel I estabeleceu sua linhagem real com sua esposa Guiomar como rainha e seu filho como príncipe. Seu nascimento e criação em San Juan o fizeram o primeiro rei negro nascido nas Américas, também influenciando-o a usar o formato de monarquia europeu para o seu reino. Em seu assentamento, Miguel I também criou sua própria igreja, nomeando um ex-escravo bispo. (pt)
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- Miguel I de Buría, más conocido como El Negro Miguel o Rey Miguel I, fue un esclavo africano que en 1552 encabezó la primera insurrección de esclavos negros contra las autoridades españolas de la Provincia de Venezuela. (es)
- Miguel I of Buría (Spanish: Miguel de Buría; c. 1510 – c. 1555), also known as King Miguel (Spanish: Rey Miguel), Miguel the Black (Spanish: El Negro Miguel) and Miguel Guacamaya, was a former slave from San Juan, Puerto Rico who reigned as the King of Buría in the modern-day state of Lara, Venezuela. His incumbency began in 1552 and lasted until some point between 1553 and 1555. (en)
- Miguel de Buría (c. 1510 — c. 1555), também conhecido como Negro Miguel, Rey Miguel ou Miguel Guacamaya, foi um ex-escravo de San Juan, Porto Rico que chefiou a primeira insurreição de escravos negros contra as autoridades espanholas da Província da Venezuela. (pt)
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