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The "Marlborough gem" is a carved onyx cameo that depicts an initiation ceremony of Psyche and Eros. It is the most famous engraved gem in the extensive and prominent collection both inherited (through a marriage in 1762) and expanded by George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough. It is conserved in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, where it is called Cameo with the Wedding of Cupid and Psyche, or an initiation rite, reflecting the view of its subject generally held until the last century.

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  • The "Marlborough gem" is a carved onyx cameo that depicts an initiation ceremony of Psyche and Eros. It is the most famous engraved gem in the extensive and prominent collection both inherited (through a marriage in 1762) and expanded by George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough. It is conserved in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, where it is called Cameo with the Wedding of Cupid and Psyche, or an initiation rite, reflecting the view of its subject generally held until the last century. In the carving, Cupid and Psyche are depicted as veiled putti accompanied by other infants, one of whom holds over their heads a winnowing-fan filled with pomegranates, emblems of bios and fertility. Signed Tryphon, it was probably made in the 1st century AD, though its date has been questioned and a case made for a 16th-century origin. The Gem was given by Peter Paul Rubens, who declared that he loved gems beyond all other relics of antiquity, to Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, in the 17th century. Another famous gem from the Marlborough Collection that is also sometimes known just as the "Marlborough Gem" is a head of Antinous. The artist's signature is minutely incised into the black background of the stone, just above the central figures in the frieze-like procession. Various 18th-century sources reported that Louis XIV of France had been prepared to offer the equivalent of £4000 in the previous century. An early 16th-century drawing of the subject by the architect and antiquarian Pirro Ligorio was seen among the papers of Rascas de Bagarris recorded by Jacob Spon. The gem was carefully drawn by Theodorus Netscher and engraved by Bernard Picart for Philipp von Stosch's Gemmae antiquae caelatae (1724) which placed its magnified image in the hands of all Europe's antiquarians and rendered it part of the visual repertory of milordi on the Grand Tour, who knew it from its illustration added to the 1728 French edition of the Jonathan Richardsons' (Senior and Junior) Account..., published in French as Traité de la Peinture et de la Sculpture... Amsterdam, 1728; in the 18th century the English could be counted on to pay top prices for outstanding carved hardstones of assured antiquity. Once in the Marlborough collection, the gem was often redrawn: Giovanni Battista Cipriani painted a version of the gem, Francesco Bartolozzi engraved it, James Tassie cast it in opaque coloured glass paste, and for Josiah Wedgwood, first William Hackwood reproduced a low relief from Tassie's cast, and then John Flaxman modeled it at a larger scale; both versions were executed in Wedgwood & Bentley's white-on-blue jasperware that imitated cameos; the 'Marlborough Gem' first appeared in Wedgwood's 1779 catalogue. The Wedgwood plaque, available in several sizes, appears mounted on Parisian and London furniture, and a marble relief of the scene is set in the chimneypiece of the red drawing room at the original home of the Marlborough gems. It became so familiar that the caricaturist James Gillray engraved a parody of it in 1797, lampooning the long-delayed marriage of Lord Derby to the actress Elizabeth Farren, who is travestied as a tall, lanky veiled figure, who is offered a countess's coronet instead of the winnowing fan of pomegranates, with the plump cherubic Lord Derby at her side. By 1870 the Marlborough collection cataloguer observed, "the design has been reproduced in all sorts and materials of art, perhaps oftener than any other similar subject." The 7th Duke of Marlborough sold the gem, catalogued as "The Marriage of Cupid and Psyche", together with the other Marlborough Gems, at Christie Manson & Wood, London, in 1875. The collection, sold in a single lot that brought £35,000, went to David Bromilow of Bitteswell Hall, Leicestershire, who maintained the collection intact; when his daughter subsequently sold the Marlborough gem with the rest of the Bromilow Marlborough hardstones by Christie's, 26–29 July 1899, the cameo was sold for £2000. Now the collection is very widely dispersed, with large numbers in American museums. Pictures of impressions, electrotypes and many originals are now published on-line by the Beazley Archive. (en)
  • La "gemma Marlborough" è un cammeo di onice inciso che raffigura una cerimonia di iniziazione di Amore e Psiche. Era la gemma più famosa e preziosa della collezione (ereditata per matrimonio nel 1762 e progressivamente ampliata) di George Spencer, IV duca di Marlborough. Attualmente è conservata al Boston Museum of Fine Arts, dove viene definita Cammeo col Matrimonio di Amore e Psiche, o un rito di iniziazione,. Nell'incisione, Cupido e Psiche sono raffigurati come putti velati accompagnati da altri putti, uno dei quali tiene sopra la loro testa un cesto pieno di melograni, simboli di fertilità e di vita coniugale. Il cammeo è firmato Tryphon, e venne realizzato probabilmente nel corso del I secolo d.C. anche se la sua data è stata oggetto di discussione in quanto conservato in una scatola apposita realizzata nel XVI secolo. La gemme venne donata da Pieter Paul Rubens, il quale dichiarò di amarla su tutti i prodotti dell'antichitià, a Thomas Howard, XXI conte di Arundel, nel XVII secolo. Dverse fonti del XVIII secolo riportano come Luigi XIV di Francia fosse stato pronto a offrire l'equivalente di 4000 sterline nel secolo precedente per avere questa gemma nella sua collezione. Il soggetto venne raffigurato nel XVI secolo dall'architetto e appassionato di antichità Pirro Ligorio, ritrovato tra le carte di Rascas de Bagarris come riportato da Jacob Spon. Il disegno della gemma venne ripresa da Theodorus Netscher e poi incisa da Bernard Picart per il Gemmae antiquae caelatae di Philipp von Stosch del 1724 Giunta nella collezione Marlborough, la gemma venne spesso ridisegnata da altri artisti: Giovanni Battista Cipriani dipinse una versione della gemma, Francesco Bartolozzi ne ricavò un'incisione, ne realizzò una copia su una base di pasta di vetro colorata, e ne venne realizzato un bassorilievo, poi realizzato in scala più grande da John Flaxman; entrambe le versioni ricavate vennero realizzate su sfondo azzurro dal laboratorio Wedgwood & Bentley con la tecnica del jasperware; la 'Marlborough Gem' apparve per la prima volta nel catalogo di Wedgwood del 1779. Questo bassorilievo, in forma di cammeo, apparve su diversi mobili parigini o londinesi dell'epoca, oltre ad apparire su diversi camini. Il tema divenne così noto che il caricaturista James Gillray ne realizzò una parodia nel 1797 per ironizzare sul matrimonio tra Lord Derby e l'attrice da lungo tempo rimandato. Fu il VII conte di Marlborough a vendere la gemma assieme alle altre della sua collezione di famiglia tramite Christie Manson & Wood, London nel 1875. La collezione, in un singolo lotto, fruttò 35.000 sterline e se la aggiudicò David Bromilow di Bitteswell Hall, Leicestershire, che mantenne intatta la sua collezione; quando sua figlia successivamente vendette la collezione col resto dei gioielli di famiglia a Christie's nell'asta del 26–29 luglio 1899, il solo cammeo venne venduto a 2000 sterline. Ad oggi la collezione è andata dispersa, con molti pezzi in musei americani. (it)
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  • The "Marlborough gem" is a carved onyx cameo that depicts an initiation ceremony of Psyche and Eros. It is the most famous engraved gem in the extensive and prominent collection both inherited (through a marriage in 1762) and expanded by George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough. It is conserved in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, where it is called Cameo with the Wedding of Cupid and Psyche, or an initiation rite, reflecting the view of its subject generally held until the last century. (en)
  • La "gemma Marlborough" è un cammeo di onice inciso che raffigura una cerimonia di iniziazione di Amore e Psiche. Era la gemma più famosa e preziosa della collezione (ereditata per matrimonio nel 1762 e progressivamente ampliata) di George Spencer, IV duca di Marlborough. Attualmente è conservata al Boston Museum of Fine Arts, dove viene definita Cammeo col Matrimonio di Amore e Psiche, o un rito di iniziazione,. (it)
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  • Gemma Marlborough (it)
  • Marlborough gem (en)
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