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- A Markman hearing is a pretrial hearing in a U.S. District Court during which a judge examines evidence from all parties on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in a patent claim, when patent infringement is alleged by a plaintiff. It is also known as a "Claim Construction Hearing". Holding a Markman hearing in patent infringement cases has been common practice since the U.S. Supreme Court, in the 1996 case of Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., found that the language of a patent is a matter of law for a judge to decide, not a matter of fact for a jury to decide. In the United States, juries determine facts in many situations, but judges determine matters of law. Markman hearings are important, because the court determines patent infringement cases by the interpretation of claims. A Markman hearing may encourage settlement, because the judge's claim construction finding can indicate a likely outcome for the patent infringement case as a whole. Markman hearings are before a judge, and generally take place before trial. A Markman hearing may occur before the close of discovery, along with a motion for preliminary injunction, or at the end of discovery, in relation to a motion for summary judgment. A Markman hearing may also be held after the trial begins, but before jury selection. The evidence considered in a Markman hearing falls into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic evidence consists of the patent documentation and any prosecution history of the patent. Extrinsic evidence is testimony, expert opinion, or other unwritten sources; extrinsic evidence may not contradict intrinsic evidence. (en)
- 馬克曼聽證會（Markman hearing）是一種美國地方法院的審前聽證會，當一個法官需考究來自各方的證據上相關的關鍵字的合適意義，通常用於專利權的專利訴訟上。又稱為「釋義聽證會（Claim Construction Hearing）」。 自從1996年美國最高法院的判例「」之後，在專利侵權的訴訟前舉行馬克曼聽證會已成為慣例。該案認為專利術語是一個需要法官決定的法律問題，而非需要陪審團決定的事實問題。在美國，許多情況下，由陪審團判斷事實，而法官判斷法律問題。 馬克曼聽證會非常重要，因為法院根據聲明內容的解釋去決斷專利侵權的案件。馬克曼聽證會可能會鼓勵和解，因為法官對於解釋的裁決可能可以大致表明該專利侵權案的結果。馬克曼聽證會通常在一名法官面前，且通常在審判前舉行。馬克曼聽證會大都在「（discovery，或稱「證據發見程序」）」結束前，連同「（preliminary injunction，或稱「臨時禁令」、「初步禁令」）」的動議，或在證據開示程序結束時發生，與有關。馬克曼聽證會也可能會在審判開始後，陪審團遴選前舉行。 在馬克曼聽證會上的證據分為兩類：內在證據和外在證據。內在證據包括專利文件和任何的專利起訴歷史。外在證據則是證詞、專家意見或是其他非書面的來源，外在證據不得違反內在證據。 (zh)
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- 馬克曼聽證會（Markman hearing）是一種美國地方法院的審前聽證會，當一個法官需考究來自各方的證據上相關的關鍵字的合適意義，通常用於專利權的專利訴訟上。又稱為「釋義聽證會（Claim Construction Hearing）」。 自從1996年美國最高法院的判例「」之後，在專利侵權的訴訟前舉行馬克曼聽證會已成為慣例。該案認為專利術語是一個需要法官決定的法律問題，而非需要陪審團決定的事實問題。在美國，許多情況下，由陪審團判斷事實，而法官判斷法律問題。 馬克曼聽證會非常重要，因為法院根據聲明內容的解釋去決斷專利侵權的案件。馬克曼聽證會可能會鼓勵和解，因為法官對於解釋的裁決可能可以大致表明該專利侵權案的結果。馬克曼聽證會通常在一名法官面前，且通常在審判前舉行。馬克曼聽證會大都在「（discovery，或稱「證據發見程序」）」結束前，連同「（preliminary injunction，或稱「臨時禁令」、「初步禁令」）」的動議，或在證據開示程序結束時發生，與有關。馬克曼聽證會也可能會在審判開始後，陪審團遴選前舉行。 在馬克曼聽證會上的證據分為兩類：內在證據和外在證據。內在證據包括專利文件和任何的專利起訴歷史。外在證據則是證詞、專家意見或是其他非書面的來源，外在證據不得違反內在證據。 (zh)
- A Markman hearing is a pretrial hearing in a U.S. District Court during which a judge examines evidence from all parties on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in a patent claim, when patent infringement is alleged by a plaintiff. It is also known as a "Claim Construction Hearing". (en)
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- Markman hearing (en)
- 馬克曼聽證會 (zh)
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