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- Machaerotidae are a family of bugs in the superfamily Cercopoidea which were formerly grouped with the other cercopids. They are sometimes called as tube-forming spittle-bugs as the nymphs form a calcareous tube within which they live. These bugs are mainly found in the Old World tropics. The adults of many genera have a long, free and spine-like process originating at the scutellum and thus superficially similar to the tree-hoppers, Membracidae. Its tegmen or forewing, like typical bugs of the suborder Heteroptera, always has a distinct, membranous apical area. Like other cercopoids, these are xylem-sap feeders. The nymph extracts calcium from the xylem fluid and constructs a calcareous tube from Malphigian gland secretions on some woody dicotyledons and immerses itself in a rather clear fluid excretion inside the tube. The tube strongly resembles the shell of certain serpulid sea worms or helicoid land snails and contain no less than 75% calcium carbonate. This habit is quite uncommon in the class Insecta and markedly different from that of typical cercopoids or spittlebugs, which make and live in a froth mass either below or above ground. Machaerotids produce foam only when they emerge from the tube to moult. There are about 115 species in 31 genera placed in 4 tribes. The majority of species are found in Southeast Asia with a small number for Africa. They were traditionally separated into two subfamilies Machaerotinae which have the scutellar spine and Enderleiniinae which lack it. A third family, also lacking the spine, Apomachaerotinae, was introduced in 2014. The scutellum has a "tail" or appears raised towards the posterior end. A list of the subfamilies, tribes and genera is as follows:
* Apomachaerotinae
* Apomachaerota Schmidt, 1907
* Serreia Baker, 1927
* Machaerotinae
* Maxudeini
* Blastacaen Maa, 1963
* Conditor Distant, 1916
* Maxudea Schmidt, 1907
* Machaerotini
* Dianmachaerota Nie & Liang, 2009
* Grypomachaerota Schmidt, 1907
* Irridiculum Hamilton, 2014
* Machaerota Burmeister, 1835
* Platymachaerota Schmidt, 1918
* Romachaeta Maa, 1963
* Sigmasoma Schmidt, 1907
* Tapinacaena Maa, 1963
* Enderleiniinae
* Hindoloidini
* Aphrosiphon China, 1935
* Hindoloides Distant, 1915
* Kyphomachaerota Bell & Cryan, 2013
* Trigonurella Maa, 1963
* Enderleiniini
* Aecalusa Maa, 1963
* Allox Hamilton, 2014
* Chaetophyes Schmidt, 1981
* Enderleinia Schmidt, 1907
* Hindola Kirkaldy, 1900
* Labramachaerota Bell & Cryan, 2013
* Labrosyne Maa, 1963
* Machaeropsis Melichar, 1903
* Makiptyelus Maki, 1914
* Neuroleinia Lallemand, 1936
* Neuromachaerota Schmidt, 1912
* Pectinariophyes Kirkaldy, 1906
* Polychaetophyes Kirkaldy, 1906
* Taihorina Schumacher, 1915 (en)
- Machaerotidae Stål, 1866, è una piccola famiglia di insetti dell'Ordine dei Rincoti Omotteri, superfamiglia Cercopoidea. La famiglia è distribuita prevalentemente nelle regioni tropicali dell'Asia. (it)
- De Machaerotidae vormen een familie van insecten die behoren tot de onderorde cicaden (Auchenorrhyncha). Wereldwijd zijn er 117 beschreven soorten in 30 geslachten. (nl)
- Machaerotidae — семейство насекомых. (ru)
- Machaerotidae är en familj av insekter. Machaerotidae ingår i överfamiljen Cercopoidea, ordningen halvvingar, klassen egentliga insekter, fylumet leddjur och riket djur. Enligt Catalogue of Life omfattar familjen Machaerotidae 116 arter. Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life: (sv)
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- Machaerotidae Stål, 1866, è una piccola famiglia di insetti dell'Ordine dei Rincoti Omotteri, superfamiglia Cercopoidea. La famiglia è distribuita prevalentemente nelle regioni tropicali dell'Asia. (it)
- De Machaerotidae vormen een familie van insecten die behoren tot de onderorde cicaden (Auchenorrhyncha). Wereldwijd zijn er 117 beschreven soorten in 30 geslachten. (nl)
- Machaerotidae — семейство насекомых. (ru)
- Machaerotidae är en familj av insekter. Machaerotidae ingår i överfamiljen Cercopoidea, ordningen halvvingar, klassen egentliga insekter, fylumet leddjur och riket djur. Enligt Catalogue of Life omfattar familjen Machaerotidae 116 arter. Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life: (sv)
- Machaerotidae are a family of bugs in the superfamily Cercopoidea which were formerly grouped with the other cercopids. They are sometimes called as tube-forming spittle-bugs as the nymphs form a calcareous tube within which they live. These bugs are mainly found in the Old World tropics. The adults of many genera have a long, free and spine-like process originating at the scutellum and thus superficially similar to the tree-hoppers, Membracidae. Its tegmen or forewing, like typical bugs of the suborder Heteroptera, always has a distinct, membranous apical area. (en)
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