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The Popular Independent Movement (French: Mouvement indépendant populaire), abbreviated to MIP, was a Luxembourgish single-issue political party in the 1960s. It sought to represent the interests of the 12,000 people who had been conscripted into the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Luxembourg during the Second World War. A later party, Enrôlés de Force, was established in the 1970s with similar aims, and achieved parliamentary representation in the 1979 election. After the Luxembourg government's official recognition in 1981 that the Wehrmacht conscripts were victims, it disbanded.

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  • El Moviment Independent Popular (francès: Mouvement indépendant populaire), abreviat MIP, fou un partit polític de Luxemburg de la dècada de 1960. El seu únic objectiu era representar els interessos dels 12.000 ciutadans que havien estat conscripts a la Wehrmacht durant l'ocupació alemanya de Luxemburg durant la Segona Guerra Mundial. El partit va intentar reclamar una compensació al govern de l'Alemanya Occidental per aquells conscrits, adduint que també eren víctimes del nazisme. El detonant d'aquest moviment va ser un tractat de 1959 entre l'Alemanya Occidental i Luxemburg, on es compensava aquest darrer per l'ocupació alemanya, a més de reconèixer la legitimitat de les accions de resistència. Aquest tractat va ser vist pels antics conscripts com una mesura discriminatòria, i van passar a anomenar-lo 'Tractat de la Vergonya' (francès: traité de la honte). Aquest tractat va necessitar dos anys per ser ratificat, després d'un debat prolongat a la Cambra de Diputats i d'una protesta de 10.000 persones a la Plaça de Guillem II de Ciutat de Luxemburg. El Moviment Independent Popular es va formar arrel d'aquestes protestes populars. El partit era, en general, antisistema, sense un programa clar sobre d'altres qüestions, i va aconseguir un 5,9% dels vots i dos escons en les eleccions legislatives de 1964, convertint-se en el primer partit de nova creació en aconseguir un escó des de les eleccions de 1945. L'MIP es va fusionar amb el Partit Democràtic abans de les eleccions legislatives de 1968. Tot i així, un dels seus membres, refusant aquesta fusió, va crear el , que només va aconseguir un 0,4% dels vots i cap escó, portant aquest fet a la seva dissolució. Durant la dècada del 1970 es va crear un altre partit, Enrôlés de Force, que perseguia uns objectius semblants, que aconseguiria representació parlamentària després de les eleccions de 1979. Després del reconeixement oficial el 1981, per part del govern, que els conscriptes de la Wehrmacht van ser víctimes, es va dissoldre. (ca)
  • Le Mouvement indépendant populaire, abrégé en MIP, est un parti politique luxembourgeois à enjeu unique des années 1960. Il cherche à représenter les intérêts des 12 000 personnes qui ont été enrôlées dans la Wehrmacht au cours de l' (en). (fr)
  • The Popular Independent Movement (French: Mouvement indépendant populaire), abbreviated to MIP, was a Luxembourgish single-issue political party in the 1960s. It sought to represent the interests of the 12,000 people who had been conscripted into the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Luxembourg during the Second World War. The party tried to claim compensation for those conscripted from the government of West Germany as victims of Nazi Germany. A 1959 treaty between West Germany and Luxembourg, compensating Luxembourg for the German occupation and recognising the legitimacy of the actions of the resistance, was thought by the former conscripts to discriminate against them, who dubbed it the 'Treaty of Shame' (French: traité de la honte). The treaty took two years to ratify, after a protracted debate in the Chamber of Deputies and a protest of 10,000 people in Place Guillaume II, in Luxembourg City. The Popular Independent Movement was formed following these popular protests. A generally anti-establishment party without a clear programme on wider issues, it won 5.9% of the vote and two seats in the 1964 election, becoming the first new party since the 1945 election to win a seat in the Chamber of Deputies. The MIP merged with the Democratic Party before the 1968 legislative election. However, one of its deputies, rejecting this merger, created the , which ran and won only 0.4% of the vote and no seats, leading to it dissolving. A later party, Enrôlés de Force, was established in the 1970s with similar aims, and achieved parliamentary representation in the 1979 election. After the Luxembourg government's official recognition in 1981 that the Wehrmacht conscripts were victims, it disbanded. (en)
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  • Le Mouvement indépendant populaire, abrégé en MIP, est un parti politique luxembourgeois à enjeu unique des années 1960. Il cherche à représenter les intérêts des 12 000 personnes qui ont été enrôlées dans la Wehrmacht au cours de l' (en). (fr)
  • El Moviment Independent Popular (francès: Mouvement indépendant populaire), abreviat MIP, fou un partit polític de Luxemburg de la dècada de 1960. El seu únic objectiu era representar els interessos dels 12.000 ciutadans que havien estat conscripts a la Wehrmacht durant l'ocupació alemanya de Luxemburg durant la Segona Guerra Mundial. (ca)
  • The Popular Independent Movement (French: Mouvement indépendant populaire), abbreviated to MIP, was a Luxembourgish single-issue political party in the 1960s. It sought to represent the interests of the 12,000 people who had been conscripted into the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Luxembourg during the Second World War. A later party, Enrôlés de Force, was established in the 1970s with similar aims, and achieved parliamentary representation in the 1979 election. After the Luxembourg government's official recognition in 1981 that the Wehrmacht conscripts were victims, it disbanded. (en)
rdfs:label
  • Moviment Independent Popular (ca)
  • Mouvement indépendant populaire (fr)
  • Popular Independent Movement (en)
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