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- Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947), is a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court was asked whether imposing capital punishment (the electric chair) a second time, after it failed in an attempt to execute Willie Francis in 1946, constituted a violation of the United States Constitution. The issues raised surrounded the double jeopardy clause of the 5th Amendment, and the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the 8th Amendment, as made applicable to the State of Louisiana via the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. In an opinion by Justice Stanley Forman Reed, which three other justices (Chief Justice Vinson and Associate Justices Hugo Black and Robert H. Jackson) joined, and with which Justice Felix Frankfurter concurred, the Court held that re-executing Francis did not constitute double jeopardy or cruel and unusual punishment. Justice Reed wrote, Our minds rebel against permitting the same sovereignty to punish an accused twice for the same offense. But where the accused successfully seeks review of a conviction, there is no double jeopardy upon a new trial. Even where a state obtains a new trial after conviction because of errors, while an accused may be placed on trial a second time, it is not the sort of hardship to the accused that is forbidden by the Fourteenth Amendment ... For we see no difference from a constitutional point of view between a new trial for error of law at the instance of the state that results in a death sentence instead of imprisonment for life and an execution that follows a failure of equipment. When an accident, with no suggestion of malevolence, prevents the consummation of a sentence, the state's subsequent course in the administration of its criminal law is not affected on that account by any requirement of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment. We find no double jeopardy here which can be said to amount to a denial of federal due process in the proposed execution. (Citations omitted). Dissenting, however, Justice Harold Burton (joined by Justices William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy, and Wiley Rutledge) argued, How many deliberate and intentional reapplications of electric current does it take to produce a cruel, unusual and unconstitutional punishment? While five applications would be more cruel and unusual than one, the uniqueness of the present case demonstrates that, today, two separated applications are sufficiently 'cruel and unusual' to be prohibited. If five attempts would be 'cruel and unusual,' it would be difficult to draw the line between two, three, four and five. It is not difficult, however, as we here contend, to draw the line between the one continuous application prescribed by statute and any other application of the current. Lack of intent that the first application be less than fatal is not material. The intent of the executioner cannot lessen the torture or excuse the result. Francis was successfully executed the following year. (en)
- Francis v. Resweber was een proces in 1947 bij het Hooggerechtshof van de Verenigde Staten, waarbij de staat Louisiana en de tot de doodstraf veroordeelde Willie Francis betrokken waren. De negen rechters moesten beslissen of een tweede maal geëxecuteerd worden op de elektrische stoel (nadat er de eerste keer kortsluiting optrad) geen schending was van de ne bis in idem, die geregeld wordt in het van de Amerikaanse Grondwet, of het achtste amendement, dat "wrede en ongebruikelijke straffen" verbiedt. Vijf van de negen opperrechters bepaalden dat het niet het geval was, in eerste instantie werd abusievelijk aan Francis en zijn advocaat verteld dat de meerderheid juist wel in hun voordeel had besloten. Op 9 mei 1947 werd Francis alsnog geëxecuteerd door middel van elektrocutie. (nl)
- Sprawa State of Louisiana Ex Rel. Francis v. Resweber została rozstrzygnięta przez Sąd Najwyższy USA w roku 1947. Prezesem SN był wtedy Fred M. Vinson. 16-letni (a więc niepełnoletni, co nie stanowiło przeszkody w prawodawstwie tego stanu) Afroamerykanin Willie Francis został skazany na śmierć na krześle elektrycznym za morderstwo w roku 1946. Pierwsza próba egzekucji, w tym samym roku, zakończyła się niepowodzeniem i sprawa trafiła do Sądu Najwyższego. Wnioskodawcy argumentowali, iż dwukrotne poddawanie egzekucji jest karą okrutną i wymyślną (a takich zabrania 8. poprawka do konstytucji USA), jednakże sąd nie podzielił tej opinii i wyrok utrzymał w mocy. 9 maja 1947 roku Francis został ponownie poprowadzony na krzesło elektryczne i tym razem zmarł. (pl)
- Фрэнсис против Ресвебера (Штат Луизиана как представитель Фрэнсиса против Ресвебера англ. State of Louisiana Ex Rel. Francis v. Resweber) 329 U.S. 459 (1947) — дело, в котором Верховный Суд США дал разъяснение относительно того, является ли повторное приведение смертной казни в исполнение, если её не удалось произвести с первого раза, нарушением Конституции США, а именно пятой и восьмой поправок. (ru)
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- Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber, (en)
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- State of Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber, Sheriff, et al. (en)
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- Attempting a second electrocution after the first fails does not violate the 8th Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, nor does it constitute a second imposition of punishment in violation of the 5th Amendment. (en)
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- Douglas, Murphy, Rutledge (en)
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- Vinson, Black, Jackson (en)
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- Фрэнсис против Ресвебера (Штат Луизиана как представитель Фрэнсиса против Ресвебера англ. State of Louisiana Ex Rel. Francis v. Resweber) 329 U.S. 459 (1947) — дело, в котором Верховный Суд США дал разъяснение относительно того, является ли повторное приведение смертной казни в исполнение, если её не удалось произвести с первого раза, нарушением Конституции США, а именно пятой и восьмой поправок. (ru)
- Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947), is a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court was asked whether imposing capital punishment (the electric chair) a second time, after it failed in an attempt to execute Willie Francis in 1946, constituted a violation of the United States Constitution. The issues raised surrounded the double jeopardy clause of the 5th Amendment, and the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the 8th Amendment, as made applicable to the State of Louisiana via the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. Francis was successfully executed the following year. (en)
- Sprawa State of Louisiana Ex Rel. Francis v. Resweber została rozstrzygnięta przez Sąd Najwyższy USA w roku 1947. Prezesem SN był wtedy Fred M. Vinson. 16-letni (a więc niepełnoletni, co nie stanowiło przeszkody w prawodawstwie tego stanu) Afroamerykanin Willie Francis został skazany na śmierć na krześle elektrycznym za morderstwo w roku 1946. Pierwsza próba egzekucji, w tym samym roku, zakończyła się niepowodzeniem i sprawa trafiła do Sądu Najwyższego. (pl)
- Francis v. Resweber was een proces in 1947 bij het Hooggerechtshof van de Verenigde Staten, waarbij de staat Louisiana en de tot de doodstraf veroordeelde Willie Francis betrokken waren. De negen rechters moesten beslissen of een tweede maal geëxecuteerd worden op de elektrische stoel (nadat er de eerste keer kortsluiting optrad) geen schending was van de ne bis in idem, die geregeld wordt in het van de Amerikaanse Grondwet, of het achtste amendement, dat "wrede en ongebruikelijke straffen" verbiedt. (nl)
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- Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber (en)
- Francis v. Resweber (nl)
- Francis v. Resweber (pl)
- Фрэнсис против Ресвебера (ru)
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- (en)
- State of Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber, Sheriff, et al. (en)
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