| dbo:abstract
|
- The reclamation of land from surrounding waters is used in Singapore to expand the city-state's limited area of usable, natural land. Land reclamation is most simply done by adding material such as rocks, soil and cement to an area of water; alternatively submerged wetlands or similar biomes can be drained. In Singapore the former has been the most common method until recently, with sand the predominant material used. Due to a global shortage and restricted supply of the required type of sand (river and beach sand, not desert sand), Singapore has switched to polders for reclamation since 2016 — a method from the Netherlands in which an area is surrounded by a dyke and pumped dry to reclaim the land. Land reclamation allows for increased development and urbanization, and in addition to Singapore has been similarly useful to Hong Kong and Macau. Each of these is a small coastal territory restrained by its geographical boundaries, and thus traditionally limited by the ocean's reach. The use of land reclamation allows these territories to expand outwards by recovering land from the sea. At just 719 km2 (278 sq mi), the entire country of Singapore is smaller than New York City. As such, the Singaporean government has used land reclamation to supplement Singapore's available commercial, residential, industrial, and governmental properties (military and official buildings). Land reclamation in Singapore also allows for the preservation of local historic and cultural communities, as building pressures are reduced by the addition of reclaimed land. Land reclamation has been used in Singapore since the early 19th century, extensively so in this last half-century in response to the city-state's rapid economic growth. In 1960, Singapore was home to fewer than two million people; that number had more than doubled by 2008, to almost four and a half million people. To keep up with such an increase in population (as well as a concurrent surge in the country's economy and industrialization efforts), Singapore has increased its land mass by 22% since independence in 1965, with land continuously being set aside for future use., Though Singapore's native population is no longer increasing as rapidly as it was in the mid-twentieth century, the city-state has experienced a continued influx in its foreign population, resulting in a continued investment in land reclamation by the government. The government thus plans to expand the city-state by an additional 7-8% by 2030. (en)
- Reklamasi daratan dari perairan sekitar diterapkan di Singapura untuk memperluas daratan alaminya yang terbatas. Reklamasi daratan adalah proses menambah daratan baru dengan menimbun perairan sekitar. Ada beberapa cara melakukan reklamasi daratan. Cara paling sederhana adalah mengimpor dan menimbun batuan besar dan/atau semen ke perairan, kemudian menimbun tanah liat sampai ketinggian daratan yang diinginkan tercapai. Mengeringkan lahan basah yang terbenam atau bioma serupa untuk memunculkan daratan juga tergolong reklamasi daratan. Seperti di wilayah pesisir Hong Kong dan Makau, proses reklamasi daratan memungkinkan terjadinya pembangunan cepat dan urbanisasi. Wilayah pesisir dibatasi oleh letak geografis dan biasanya dibatasi oleh lautan. Wilayah pesisir dapat meluas ke lautan dengan reklamasi daratan. Reklamasi daratan sudah dilakukan di Singapura sejak awal abad ke-19 dan semakin intens pada paruh akhir abad ke-20 karena pertumbuhan ekonominya melesat. Dengan luas 719 kilometer persegi, Singapura lebih kecil daripada New York City., Karena itu, pemerintah Singapura menilai reklamasi daratan perlu dilakukan. Proyek reklamasi dimanfaatkan untuk menopang kawasan komersial, permukiman, industri, dan pemerintahan yang sudah ada, termasuk kawasan resmi dan militer. Pelestarian sejarah dan budaya setempat dapat dilakukan karena kebutuhan lahan baru ditopang dengan cara reklamasi daratan. Pada tahun 1960, Singapura dihuni oleh kurang dari dua juta orang. Angka tersebut berlipat dua pada tahun 2008 menjadi hampir 4,5 juta jiwa. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk yang semakin bertambah (serta meningkatnya upaya ekonomi dan industralisasi negara), Singapura menambah luas daratannya sebesar 22% sejak merdeka tahun 1965. Sebagian tanah reklamasi dibiarkan kosong untuk cadangan masa depan., Meski penduduk asli Singapura tidak bertambah cepat seperti pada pertengahan abad ke-20, orang asing terus membanjiri kota ini seiring bertumbuhnya ekonomi negara. Karena itu, pemerintah Singapura gencar melakukan reklamasi daratan., Pemerintah berencana memperluas Singapura sebesar 7-8% pada tahun 2030. (in)
|
_by_Lieutenant_Philip_Jackson.jpg){kind=link}
_by_Lieutenant_Philip_Jackson.jpg){kind=link}
