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- Kongonaphon is an extinct genus of lagerpetid avemetatarsalians from the Middle to Late Triassic of Madagascar. It contains a single species, Kongonaphon kely, which is known from a fragmentary partial skeleton. This fossil hails from the late Ladinian or early Carnian-age "basal Isalo II beds". As the first lagerpetid found in Africa, Kongonaphon extends the range of the family significantly. It possessed a combination of features from various other lagerpetids, but developed particularly long and slender leg bones. Kongonaphon is also the first lagerpetid for which fossils of the snout and teeth are known. It was likely an insectivore based on the shape and texture of its teeth. Kongonaphon is notable for its minuscule size, even compared to other small early avemetatarsalians. The proportionally elongated femur was only about 4 cm (1.6 inches) long, and the total height of the animal was estimated at around 10 cm (3.9 inches). Alongside other miniaturized archosaurs such as Scleromochlus, it suggests that avemetatarsalians experienced an abrupt reduction in size early in their evolution. This may explain the poor preservation and scarcity of early and middle Triassic avemetatarsalian fossils. A small size also may have helped them exploit a variety of new ecological niches. The most successful avemetatarsalian subgroups, pterosaurs and dinosaurs, may have evolved as a result of this abrupt size reduction. Miniaturization has been correlated with the evolution of flight (a defining feature of pterosaurs) and the acquisition of bipedalism (which was utilized by many dinosaurs). It would also lead to poor heat retention, encouraging the evolution of feathers or other filamentous structures. Although Kongonaphon is clearly an ornithodiran, there is uncertainty whether it was closer to pterosaurs or dinosaurs. When placed in a phylogenetic analysis without Scleromochlus, lagerpetids are found to be basal dinosauromorphs (closer to dinosaurs). However, the inclusion of Scleromochlus leads to the analysis tentatively supporting lagerpetids as pterosauromorphs (closer to pterosaurs). Fossil remains from other lagerpetids described in late 2020 strongly support the hypothesis that lagerpetids were pterosauromorphs. (en)
- Kongonaphon kely is een reptiel uit de Avemetatarsalia, behorende tot de Lagerpetidae, dat tijdens het middelste tot late Trias leefde in het gebied van het huidige Madagaskar. (nl)
- Kongonaphon é um gênero extinto de avemetatarsaliano lagerpetídeo do Triássico Médio a Superior de Madagascar. Contém uma única espécie, Kongonaphon kely, conhecida a partir de um esqueleto parcial fragmentário. Este fóssil provém dos "leitos basais Isalo II" da era da Ladina ou do início da era Carniana. Kongonaphon viveu cerca de 237 milhões de anos atrás. Como o primeiro lagerpetid encontrado na África, Kongonaphon amplia significativamente o leque da família. Possuía uma combinação de características de vários outros lagerpetídeos (especialmente o Ixalerpeton), mas desenvolveu ossos nas pernas particularmente longos e finos. Kongonaphon é também o primeiro lagerpetídeo pelo qual os fósseis do focinho e dos dentes são conhecidos. Provavelmente era um insetívoro com base na forma e textura de seus dentes. (pt)
- Kongonaphon kely var en art eller klad inom Lagerpetidae som levde i det som är i dag Madagaskar. Kongonaphon kely var ett litet djur. Den har beräknas att ha varit 40 centimeter lång och 10 centimeter hög när den stod upp. (sv)
- Kongonaphon kely — вид плазунів родини Lagerpetidae, що існував у тріасовому періоді. Виявлений на Мадагаскарі. Описаний у 2020 році. (uk)
- Kongonaphon (лат.) — род примитивных орнитодир из семейства (Lagerpetidae), известных по ископаемым остаткам из триасовых отложений Мадагаскара (ладинский — карнийский ярусы, 242—227 млн лет назад). Единственным видом является Kongonaphon kely, описанный по неполному скелету. Открытие этого животного имеет важное значение для исследования эволюции орнитодир, проливая свет на такие аспекты, как возникновение оперения, приобретение бипедализма и развитие полёта птерозавров. (ru)
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- Kammerer et al., 2020 (en)
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- Mid to Late Triassic, (en)
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- Kammerer et al., 2020 (en)
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- Kongonaphon kely is een reptiel uit de Avemetatarsalia, behorende tot de Lagerpetidae, dat tijdens het middelste tot late Trias leefde in het gebied van het huidige Madagaskar. (nl)
- Kongonaphon kely var en art eller klad inom Lagerpetidae som levde i det som är i dag Madagaskar. Kongonaphon kely var ett litet djur. Den har beräknas att ha varit 40 centimeter lång och 10 centimeter hög när den stod upp. (sv)
- Kongonaphon kely — вид плазунів родини Lagerpetidae, що існував у тріасовому періоді. Виявлений на Мадагаскарі. Описаний у 2020 році. (uk)
- Kongonaphon (лат.) — род примитивных орнитодир из семейства (Lagerpetidae), известных по ископаемым остаткам из триасовых отложений Мадагаскара (ладинский — карнийский ярусы, 242—227 млн лет назад). Единственным видом является Kongonaphon kely, описанный по неполному скелету. Открытие этого животного имеет важное значение для исследования эволюции орнитодир, проливая свет на такие аспекты, как возникновение оперения, приобретение бипедализма и развитие полёта птерозавров. (ru)
- Kongonaphon is an extinct genus of lagerpetid avemetatarsalians from the Middle to Late Triassic of Madagascar. It contains a single species, Kongonaphon kely, which is known from a fragmentary partial skeleton. This fossil hails from the late Ladinian or early Carnian-age "basal Isalo II beds". As the first lagerpetid found in Africa, Kongonaphon extends the range of the family significantly. It possessed a combination of features from various other lagerpetids, but developed particularly long and slender leg bones. Kongonaphon is also the first lagerpetid for which fossils of the snout and teeth are known. It was likely an insectivore based on the shape and texture of its teeth. (en)
- Kongonaphon é um gênero extinto de avemetatarsaliano lagerpetídeo do Triássico Médio a Superior de Madagascar. Contém uma única espécie, Kongonaphon kely, conhecida a partir de um esqueleto parcial fragmentário. Este fóssil provém dos "leitos basais Isalo II" da era da Ladina ou do início da era Carniana. Kongonaphon viveu cerca de 237 milhões de anos atrás. Como o primeiro lagerpetid encontrado na África, Kongonaphon amplia significativamente o leque da família. Possuía uma combinação de características de vários outros lagerpetídeos (especialmente o Ixalerpeton), mas desenvolveu ossos nas pernas particularmente longos e finos. Kongonaphon é também o primeiro lagerpetídeo pelo qual os fósseis do focinho e dos dentes são conhecidos. Provavelmente era um insetívoro com base na forma e textu (pt)
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- Kongonaphon (en)
- Kongonaphon (nl)
- Kongonaphon (pt)
- Kongonaphon (ru)
- Kongonaphon kely (uk)
- Kongonaphon kely (sv)
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