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- Kenin (家人, house person) was the third of the five lower castes of the Japanese ritsuryō system. A privately owned servant, a kenin had a better social status than a slave (shinuhi (私奴婢)), could be inherited but not sold, could participate in the life of the family and have one of his own. The term can also be synonymous with gokenin. The gokenin were vassals of the shōgun during the Kamakura, Ashikaga, and Tokugawa shogunates. The meaning of the term evolved in time, so its exact meaning changes with the historical period. (en)
- Les kenin (家人, « personne de la maison ») constituent la troisième des cinq castes inférieures du système ritsuryō japonais. Domestique privé, un kenin possède un meilleur statut social qu'un esclave (shinuhi (私 奴婢)), il peut être transmis par héritage mais ne peut être vendu, il peut participer à la vie de la famille et en avoir une en propre. Le terme peut aussi être synonyme de gokenin. Les gokenin sont vassaux du shogun durant les shogunats de Kamakura, Ashikaga et Tokugawa. La signification du terme évolue dans le temps, de sorte que sa signification exacte dépend de la période historique. (fr)
- 케닌(家人, 下人)은 일본의 역사용어로 권력자의 가신이나 종자 혹은 가내예속자(家内隷属民) 등을 가리키는 용어이다. (ko)
- 家人（けにん）とは、日本の歴史上、身分のある者の家臣・郎党（）などを指す用語。古代と中世では意味合いが異なっている。 (ja)
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- Kenin (家人, house person) was the third of the five lower castes of the Japanese ritsuryō system. A privately owned servant, a kenin had a better social status than a slave (shinuhi (私奴婢)), could be inherited but not sold, could participate in the life of the family and have one of his own. The term can also be synonymous with gokenin. The gokenin were vassals of the shōgun during the Kamakura, Ashikaga, and Tokugawa shogunates. The meaning of the term evolved in time, so its exact meaning changes with the historical period. (en)
- 케닌(家人, 下人)은 일본의 역사용어로 권력자의 가신이나 종자 혹은 가내예속자(家内隷属民) 등을 가리키는 용어이다. (ko)
- 家人（けにん）とは、日本の歴史上、身分のある者の家臣・郎党（）などを指す用語。古代と中世では意味合いが異なっている。 (ja)
- Les kenin (家人, « personne de la maison ») constituent la troisième des cinq castes inférieures du système ritsuryō japonais. Domestique privé, un kenin possède un meilleur statut social qu'un esclave (shinuhi (私 奴婢)), il peut être transmis par héritage mais ne peut être vendu, il peut participer à la vie de la famille et en avoir une en propre. (fr)
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- Kenin (fr)
- Kenin (Japanese history) (en)
- 케닌 (ko)
- 家人 (ja)
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