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- J.D.B. v. North Carolina, 564 U.S. 261 (2011), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that age and mental status is relevant when determining police custody for Miranda purposes, overturning its prior ruling from seven years before. J.D.B. was a 13-year-old student enrolled in special education classes whom police had suspected of committing two robberies. A police investigator visited J.D.B. at school, where he was interrogated by the investigator, a uniformed police officer, and school officials. J.D.B. subsequently confessed to his crimes and was convicted. J.D.B. was not given a Miranda warning during the interrogation, nor an opportunity to contact his legal guardian. During the trial, attempts to suppress the statements given by J.D.B. because he was not given a Miranda warning were denied on the grounds that J.D.B. was not in police custody. J.D.B. appealed. The North Carolina Supreme Court held that the Supreme Court's ruling in Yarborough v. Alvarado barred them from determining whether or not he was in custody based on his age. The court determined that a reasonable adult would've felt free to leave; consequently, J.D.B. was not in custody. Thus the court affirmed the ruling of the trial court. J.D.B. appealed, and the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari. The U.S. Supreme Court argued that the age and mental status of an individual can take part in the psychological effect that he faces during police interaction. It's nearly exact to the reasoning of the 1970 Kentucky Supreme Court case of Allee v. Commonwealth, which held that the age and mental status of an individual is relevant in determining whether his statements are involuntary. Based on these reasons, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the North Carolina Supreme Court and remanded for further proceedings. The North Carolina Supreme Court on remand then determined that J.D.B. was in custody, and remanded for further proceedings. (en)
- J.D.B.诉北卡罗来纳州案（英語：J. D. B. v. North Carolina，《美国判例汇编》第564卷第261页（2011年）），美国最高法院认为，在以米兰达警告为前提确定警察拘留时，年龄和精神状况是必要的，推翻了七年前的先前裁决。J.D.B.（化名）是一名就读于特殊教育课程的13岁学生，警方怀疑他犯了两起抢劫案。一名警察调查员到学校探望了J.D.B.，在那里他受到了调查员、一名穿制服的警官和学校官员的审问。J.D.B.随后对自己的罪行供认不讳，并被定罪。J.D.B.在审讯中没有得到米兰达的警告，也没有机会联系他的法定监护人。 在审判过程中，由于J.D.B.以没有受到米兰达警告而试图推翻他之前的陈述，但被以没有被警方拘留为由被拒绝。此后J.D.B.上诉。 北卡罗来纳州最高法院认为，最高法院在亚伯勒诉阿尔瓦拉多案中的裁决禁止他们根据他的年龄来确定他是否被拘留。法院裁定一个正常的成年人可以自由离开，因此J.D.B.没有被拘留。由此，法院维持了初审法院的裁决。J.D.B.上诉，美国最高法院批准了调卷令。 美国最高法院认为，一个人的年龄和精神状态可以参与他在警察互动中所面临的心理效应。这与1970年肯塔基州最高法院Allee诉Commonwealth案的推论几乎完全一致，此案认为，个人的年龄和精神状态与判断其陈述是否是非自愿的有关。基于这些理由，美国最高法院推翻了北卡罗来纳州最高法院的判决，并发回重审，以便进一步审理。北卡罗莱纳州最高法院随后裁定J.D.B.已被羁押，并将其发回进一步的诉讼。 (zh)
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- J.D.B. v. North Carolina, 564 U.S. 261 (2011), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that age and mental status is relevant when determining police custody for Miranda purposes, overturning its prior ruling from seven years before. J.D.B. was a 13-year-old student enrolled in special education classes whom police had suspected of committing two robberies. A police investigator visited J.D.B. at school, where he was interrogated by the investigator, a uniformed police officer, and school officials. J.D.B. subsequently confessed to his crimes and was convicted. J.D.B. was not given a Miranda warning during the interrogation, nor an opportunity to contact his legal guardian. (en)
- J.D.B.诉北卡罗来纳州案（英語：J. D. B. v. North Carolina，《美国判例汇编》第564卷第261页（2011年）），美国最高法院认为，在以米兰达警告为前提确定警察拘留时，年龄和精神状况是必要的，推翻了七年前的先前裁决。J.D.B.（化名）是一名就读于特殊教育课程的13岁学生，警方怀疑他犯了两起抢劫案。一名警察调查员到学校探望了J.D.B.，在那里他受到了调查员、一名穿制服的警官和学校官员的审问。J.D.B.随后对自己的罪行供认不讳，并被定罪。J.D.B.在审讯中没有得到米兰达的警告，也没有机会联系他的法定监护人。 在审判过程中，由于J.D.B.以没有受到米兰达警告而试图推翻他之前的陈述，但被以没有被警方拘留为由被拒绝。此后J.D.B.上诉。 北卡罗来纳州最高法院认为，最高法院在亚伯勒诉阿尔瓦拉多案中的裁决禁止他们根据他的年龄来确定他是否被拘留。法院裁定一个正常的成年人可以自由离开，因此J.D.B.没有被拘留。由此，法院维持了初审法院的裁决。J.D.B.上诉，美国最高法院批准了调卷令。 (zh)
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