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- The International Support and Verification Commission (Comisión Internacional de Apoyo y Verificación, CIAV) was created as a joint approach to repatriating the Contras by the secretaries-general of the United Nations and the Organization of American States on August 25, 1989 in support of the Esquipulas II Peace Plan. Its mandate was to assist in the voluntary demobilization, repatriation or resettlement of the Nicaraguan Resistance (the Contras) in Nicaragua and third countries as well as assistance in the voluntary demobilization of all persons involved in armed actions in all countries of the region. In practice the UN involvement in CIAV was relatively short (from late 1989 through mid-1990), while the OAS participated in CIAV from the beginning and was deeply involved until 1993. In part this situation was due to the UN's emphasis on ONUCA (Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Centro América - UN Observer Group in Central America), but it also reflected a geographic division of labor: the UN was assigned repatriation responsibilities in Honduras (where it was active only in late 1989 and early 1990), Costa Rica (where there were few Contras) and El Salvador (where there were practically none, and where the FMLN was having no part in any "voluntary repatriation"). CIAV-OAS, on the other hand, was assigned geographic responsibilities for Nicaragua, which meant that they were responsible for every Contra and Contra family member who crossed the border into Nicaragua, and continued to be responsible for the support of most of them through 1993. (en)
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- The International Support and Verification Commission (Comisión Internacional de Apoyo y Verificación, CIAV) was created as a joint approach to repatriating the Contras by the secretaries-general of the United Nations and the Organization of American States on August 25, 1989 in support of the Esquipulas II Peace Plan. Its mandate was to assist in the voluntary demobilization, repatriation or resettlement of the Nicaraguan Resistance (the Contras) in Nicaragua and third countries as well as assistance in the voluntary demobilization of all persons involved in armed actions in all countries of the region. In practice the UN involvement in CIAV was relatively short (from late 1989 through mid-1990), while the OAS participated in CIAV from the beginning and was deeply involved until 1993. In (en)
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- International Support and Verification Commission (en)
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