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Biographical evaluation (Arabic: عِلْمُ الرِّجال, romanized: ʿilm al-rijāl; literally meaning 'Knowledge of Men' , but more commonly understood as the Science of Narrators) refers to a discipline of Islamic religious studies within hadith terminology in which the narrators of hadith are evaluated. Its goal is to establish the credibility of the narrators, using both historic and religious knowledge, in order to distinguish authentic and reliable hadiths from unreliable hadiths. ʿIlm al-rijāl is synonymous with what is commonly referred to as al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (discrediting and accrediting) – the criticism and declared acceptance of hadith narrators.

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  • علم الرجال هو علم يبحث فيه عن جرح الرواة وتعديلهم بألفاظ مخصوصة وعن مراتب تلك الألفاظ.أو علم رجال الحديث ويسمى أيضا علم الجرح والتعديل أو علم الجرح والعدالة هو أحد فروع علم الحديث، يبحث فیه عن أحوال رواة الحديث من حيث اتصافهم بشرائط قبول رواياتهم أو عدمه. وقيل في تعريفه أيضا: هو علم وضع لتشخيص رواة الحديث، ذاتا ووصفا، ومدحا وقدحا. وقيل أيضا: هو علم يدرس سير رواة الأحاديث النبوية ليتم الحكم على سندها إذا كانت صحيحة أو حسنة أو ضعيفة أو موضوعة. (ar)
  • Biographical evaluation (Arabic: عِلْمُ الرِّجال, romanized: ʿilm al-rijāl; literally meaning 'Knowledge of Men' , but more commonly understood as the Science of Narrators) refers to a discipline of Islamic religious studies within hadith terminology in which the narrators of hadith are evaluated. Its goal is to establish the credibility of the narrators, using both historic and religious knowledge, in order to distinguish authentic and reliable hadiths from unreliable hadiths. ʿIlm al-rijāl is synonymous with what is commonly referred to as al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (discrediting and accrediting) – the criticism and declared acceptance of hadith narrators. (en)
  • ʿIlm ar-ridschāl (arabisch علم الرجال, DMG ʿilm ar-riǧāl ‚Wissenschaft (über) die Männer‘) ist ein Genre der islamischen Literatur, das sich mit den Traditionariern, d. h. den Gewährsleuten in den Überlieferer-Ketten von Hadithen, befasst. Ziel ist es, so viel Wissen über diese Personen und ihren Hintergrund zusammenzutragen, dass eine Beurteilung der Vertrauenswürdigkeit der jeweiligen Person ermöglicht wird. (de)
  • La ʿilm al-rijāl (in arabo: عِلْمُ الرِّجال‎), lett. "scienza degli uomini", è una branca di studio della scienza islamica dei ḥadīth. Dal momento che ogni ḥadīth è composto da due parti - silsila e matn, ovvero "catena (di trasmettitori garanti della tradizione riportata)" e "corpo (della tradizione medesima)" - l'indagine sulla veridicità della tradizione può seguire due distinte linee. L'ultima sarà costituita dall'analisi testuale della tradizione (ragionevolezza, congruità spazio-temporale, e altro) mentre la prima coinvolgerà le personalità espresse dall'isnād, che si sono fatte garanti della trasmissione alle generazioni future del ḥadīth. L'indagine sugli uomini che risultano aver trasmesso l'informazione, riguarderà la loro precisa identificazione, la loro effettiva esistenza, il livello di moralità di cui godevano nell'opinione pubblica e tra i dotti e la loro predisposizione a riportare correttamente le informazioni ascoltate, la loro memoria, la loro effettiva possibilità di aver ascoltato personalmente il ḥadīth e, semmai, l'aver ricevuto dal loro maestro l'autorizzazione (ijāza) a divulgare quanto ascoltato. Tale branca del sapere, teoricamente attinente al solo campo della sharīʿa e alla formazione della sunna, è invece di grande interesse per gli storici, dal momento che essa fornisce utili e talvolta essenziali notizie biografiche su personaggi, la cui rilevanza non è esclusivamente giuridica. Ciò ha condotto gradualmente a una certa qual confusione tra ʿilm al-rijāl e ʿilm al-tarājim, che riguarda esclusivamente l'indagine sulle fonti storiografiche. Tra le prime opere di tal genere figura il Fihrist (Indice) di Ibn al-Nadim. (it)
  • ‘Ильм ар-риджаль (араб. عِلْمُ الرِّجال‎, «наука о мужах») — одна из шариатских дисциплин в хадисоведении, изучающая передатчиков хадисов, их биографии, происхождение, религиозные и политические убеждения, личные качества (включая степень честности и правдивости) с тем, чтобы в итоге выявить достоверные и не заслуживающие доверия хадисы. (ru)
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  • Ali ibn al-Madini, an early authority on the subject, said, "Knowing the narrators is half of knowledge." (en)
  • A system of terminology developed to codify the standing of each narrator... (en)
  • The following Qur'anic verse established a general principal in biographical evaluation: "O you who believe, if a wrongdoer should approach you conveying information, then verify that so as not to fall into ignorance thus regretting what you have done." (en)
  • The grounds upon which a narrator is subject to criticism are numerous some relating to moral uprightness and others to precision. (en)
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  • علم الرجال هو علم يبحث فيه عن جرح الرواة وتعديلهم بألفاظ مخصوصة وعن مراتب تلك الألفاظ.أو علم رجال الحديث ويسمى أيضا علم الجرح والتعديل أو علم الجرح والعدالة هو أحد فروع علم الحديث، يبحث فیه عن أحوال رواة الحديث من حيث اتصافهم بشرائط قبول رواياتهم أو عدمه. وقيل في تعريفه أيضا: هو علم وضع لتشخيص رواة الحديث، ذاتا ووصفا، ومدحا وقدحا. وقيل أيضا: هو علم يدرس سير رواة الأحاديث النبوية ليتم الحكم على سندها إذا كانت صحيحة أو حسنة أو ضعيفة أو موضوعة. (ar)
  • Biographical evaluation (Arabic: عِلْمُ الرِّجال, romanized: ʿilm al-rijāl; literally meaning 'Knowledge of Men' , but more commonly understood as the Science of Narrators) refers to a discipline of Islamic religious studies within hadith terminology in which the narrators of hadith are evaluated. Its goal is to establish the credibility of the narrators, using both historic and religious knowledge, in order to distinguish authentic and reliable hadiths from unreliable hadiths. ʿIlm al-rijāl is synonymous with what is commonly referred to as al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (discrediting and accrediting) – the criticism and declared acceptance of hadith narrators. (en)
  • ʿIlm ar-ridschāl (arabisch علم الرجال, DMG ʿilm ar-riǧāl ‚Wissenschaft (über) die Männer‘) ist ein Genre der islamischen Literatur, das sich mit den Traditionariern, d. h. den Gewährsleuten in den Überlieferer-Ketten von Hadithen, befasst. Ziel ist es, so viel Wissen über diese Personen und ihren Hintergrund zusammenzutragen, dass eine Beurteilung der Vertrauenswürdigkeit der jeweiligen Person ermöglicht wird. (de)
  • ‘Ильм ар-риджаль (араб. عِلْمُ الرِّجال‎, «наука о мужах») — одна из шариатских дисциплин в хадисоведении, изучающая передатчиков хадисов, их биографии, происхождение, религиозные и политические убеждения, личные качества (включая степень честности и правдивости) с тем, чтобы в итоге выявить достоверные и не заслуживающие доверия хадисы. (ru)
  • La ʿilm al-rijāl (in arabo: عِلْمُ الرِّجال‎), lett. "scienza degli uomini", è una branca di studio della scienza islamica dei ḥadīth. Dal momento che ogni ḥadīth è composto da due parti - silsila e matn, ovvero "catena (di trasmettitori garanti della tradizione riportata)" e "corpo (della tradizione medesima)" - l'indagine sulla veridicità della tradizione può seguire due distinte linee. L'ultima sarà costituita dall'analisi testuale della tradizione (ragionevolezza, congruità spazio-temporale, e altro) mentre la prima coinvolgerà le personalità espresse dall'isnād, che si sono fatte garanti della trasmissione alle generazioni future del ḥadīth. (it)
rdfs:label
  • علم الرجال (ar)
  • ʿIlm ar-ridschāl (de)
  • Biographical evaluation (en)
  • 'Ilm al-rijal (it)
  • Ильм ар-риджаль (ru)
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