| dbo:abstract
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- Identity fraud is the use by one person of another person's personal information, without authorization, to commit a crime or to deceive or defraud that other person or a third person. Most identity fraud is committed in the context of financial advantages, such as accessing a victim's credit card, bank accounts, or loan accounts. False or forged identity documents have been used in criminal activity (such as to gain access to security areas) or in dealings with government agencies, such as immigration. Today, the identities of real persons are often used in the preparation of these false documents. A person's personal information may be surreptitiously obtained, commonly described as identity theft, in a variety of ways. A fraudster may use another person's basic personal details (such as name, address, username, and PIN) to access the victim's online accounts, including banking accounts, email, and social media accounts. Such access may be for the purpose of obtaining further personal information on the target. More seriously, the information may then be used in truly fraudulent activities, such as opening a credit card account in the victim's name and then charging purchases to that account, or the entering into a loan agreement in the victim's name. Identity fraud may be committed without identity theft, as in the case of the fraudster being given someone's personal information for other reasons but uses it to commit fraud, or when the person whose identity is being used is colluding with the person committing the fraud. There have been numerous cases of organisations being hacked to obtain personal information. One case of identity theft was the 2011 hacking of the PlayStation Network, when personal and credit card information of 77 million accounts were stolen. The unauthorized use of a stolen credit card is commonly not considered identity fraud, but may be considered consumer fraud. The use of fake names, ID cards, falsified or forged documents, and lying about their own age to simply "hide" their true identity is sometimes also regarded as identity fraud. Reasons for this type of identity fraud may include wanting to purchase tobacco or alcohol as a minor as well as to continue playing on a certain sports team or organization when that person is really too old to compete. (en)
- 個人情報漏洩（こじんじょうほう ろうえい、こじんじょうほう ろうせつ）とは、個人情報（英: personal data）が漏洩・流出（英: leak）すること。「個人情報を保有する者」および「個人情報に該当する者」の意図に反して、本来は秘匿されるべき個人情報が、過失によって不特定多数の第三者に漏れてしまったり、侵害者に取得されてしまうことをいう。当該個人情報が顧客情報の場合は、顧客情報漏洩（こきゃくじょうほう ろうえい、こきゃくじょうほう ろうせつ）ともいう。また、「漏洩」ではなく「流出」と呼ぶこともある。 英語（事実上の国際共通語）では、"leakage of personal information（意訳: 個人情報の漏洩）"、"leak personal information（意訳: 個人情報漏洩）"、"personal data breach（意訳: 個人データ侵害）" などの語が用いられる。なお、情報漏洩 (data leak) と情報侵害 (data breach) は同義語として解説されることも少なくないが、言葉の概念が全く異なるのと同じで、本来は区別すべき用語である。 (ja)
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| rdfs:comment
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- 個人情報漏洩（こじんじょうほう ろうえい、こじんじょうほう ろうせつ）とは、個人情報（英: personal data）が漏洩・流出（英: leak）すること。「個人情報を保有する者」および「個人情報に該当する者」の意図に反して、本来は秘匿されるべき個人情報が、過失によって不特定多数の第三者に漏れてしまったり、侵害者に取得されてしまうことをいう。当該個人情報が顧客情報の場合は、顧客情報漏洩（こきゃくじょうほう ろうえい、こきゃくじょうほう ろうせつ）ともいう。また、「漏洩」ではなく「流出」と呼ぶこともある。 英語（事実上の国際共通語）では、"leakage of personal information（意訳: 個人情報の漏洩）"、"leak personal information（意訳: 個人情報漏洩）"、"personal data breach（意訳: 個人データ侵害）" などの語が用いられる。なお、情報漏洩 (data leak) と情報侵害 (data breach) は同義語として解説されることも少なくないが、言葉の概念が全く異なるのと同じで、本来は区別すべき用語である。 (ja)
- Identity fraud is the use by one person of another person's personal information, without authorization, to commit a crime or to deceive or defraud that other person or a third person. Most identity fraud is committed in the context of financial advantages, such as accessing a victim's credit card, bank accounts, or loan accounts. False or forged identity documents have been used in criminal activity (such as to gain access to security areas) or in dealings with government agencies, such as immigration. Today, the identities of real persons are often used in the preparation of these false documents. (en)
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