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- In Japan, amusement parks have been historically used to describe botanical gardens, festival spaces, and conventional parks with amusement equipment. These parks were originally a place for the wealthy to spend money and time; however, in modern times they have become popular with the general public. The first Japanese amusement park, Hanayashiki, opened as a botanical garden at the end of the Edo period, in 1853. The park featured tree peonies and chrysanthemums, but around 1872 a more conventional amusement facility was established. Hanayashiki closed in 1942 due to World War II. Post-war, the park reopened in 1947 as Asakusa Hanayashiki. Tarazuka New Onsen (宝塚新温泉), which was purpose built in 1911 as an amusement park, also claimed the title of oldest amusement park before it closed in 2003. The longest continually operating amusement park in Japan is Hirakata Park in Osaka. It has been in operation since 1912, and has been renovated multiple times. (en)
- 遊園地の歴史(ゆうえんちのれきし)では、世界および日本における遊園地の始まりから現代に至るまでの諸相を概観する。 (ja)
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- 遊園地の歴史(ゆうえんちのれきし)では、世界および日本における遊園地の始まりから現代に至るまでの諸相を概観する。 (ja)
- In Japan, amusement parks have been historically used to describe botanical gardens, festival spaces, and conventional parks with amusement equipment. These parks were originally a place for the wealthy to spend money and time; however, in modern times they have become popular with the general public. The longest continually operating amusement park in Japan is Hirakata Park in Osaka. It has been in operation since 1912, and has been renovated multiple times. (en)
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- History of amusement parks in Japan (en)
- 遊園地の歴史 (ja)
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