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- Henry Ossian Flipper (March 21, 1856 – April 26, 1940) was an American soldier, engineer, former slave and in 1877, the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point, earning a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He was also an author who wrote about scientific topics and his life experiences. After his commissioning, he was assigned to one of the all-black regiments in the U.S. Army, which were historically led by white officers. Assigned to 'A' Troop under the command of Captain Nicholas M. Nolan, he became the first nonwhite officer to lead buffalo soldiers of the 10th Cavalry. Flipper served with competency and distinction during the Apache Wars and the Victorio Campaign, but was haunted by rumors alleging improprieties. Eventually, he was court-martialed and dismissed from the U.S. Army. After losing his commission in the Army, Flipper worked throughout Mexico and Latin America as an assistant to the Secretary of the Interior. He retired to Atlanta in 1931 and died of natural causes in 1940. In 1994, his descendants applied to the U.S. military for a review of Flipper's court-martial and dismissal. A review found the conviction and punishment were "unduly harsh and unjust" and recommended Flipper's dismissal be changed to a good conduct discharge. Shortly afterwards, an application for pardon was filed with the Secretary of the Army, which was forwarded to the Department of Justice. President Bill Clinton posthumously pardoned Lieutenant Henry O. Flipper on February 19, 1999, 118 years after his conviction. (en)
- Henry Ossian Flipper, né le 21 mars 1856 à Thomasville en Géorgie aux États-Unis et mort le 3 mai 1940, est un officier américain. Ancien esclave, il devient en 1877 le premier afro-américain diplômé de l'académie militaire de West Point aux États-Unis. (fr)
- Henry Ossian Flipper (Thomasville, 21 maart 1856 – Atlanta, 3 mei 1940) was een Amerikaanse soldaat, voormalige slaaf en de eerste Afro-Amerikaan die in 1877 te West Point afstudeerde aan de United States Military Academy. Hij was tweede luitenant in het Amerikaanse leger. (nl)
- Henry Ossian Flipper, född 21 mars 1856 i Thomasville, Georgia, död 26 april 1940 i Atlanta, Georgia, var en amerikansk soldat och före detta slav. Henry Ossian Flipper föddes som slav i Thomasville, Georgia. Han släpptes fri 1865, då staden erövrades av USA under amerikanska inbördeskriget. Han skrevs in vid United States Military Academy 1873 och blev den första afroamerikanska kadetten att gå ut skolan 1877. Han fick graden fänrik. Han valde kavalleri som vapenslag och anslöt sig till 10. kavalleriregementet. 1879 deltog han i Apachekrigen. En smutskastningskampanj mot honom gjorde att han förflyttas till Fort Davis i Texas som kvartermästare. 1881 försvann pengar och eftersom han var kvartermästare fick han skulden. Han fick sparken 1882 efter att en krigsrätt ansett honom skyldig till tjänstefel. Han benådades postumt av president Bill Clinton den 19 februari 1999. Efter sin tid inom militären flyttade Flipper till El Paso, Texas och arbetade som civilingenjör. 1921–1923 jobbade han för senator Albert B. Fall som assistent. Då Fall blev inrikesminister, följde Flipper med till Washington. Vid pensioneringen 1931 flyttade Flipper till Atlanta och levde där till sin död. Han är begravd i sin hemstad Thomasville.
* Grav och benådning
* Henry Flippers grav i Thomasville.
* President Clinton benådar Flipper. (sv)
- Генри Флиппер (англ. Henry Flipper, полное имя Henry Ossian Flipper; 1856—1940) — первый афроамериканец, бывший раб, окончивший Военную академию США в Вест-Пойнте. (ru)
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- Cadet Henry O. Flipper in his West Point cadet uniform. It has three larger round brass buttons left, middle and right showing five rows. The buttons are interconnected left to right and vice versa by decorative thread. He is wearing a starched white collar and no tie. He is a lighter-colored African American with plated corn rows of neatly done hair. He is facing the camera and looking to the left of the viewer. (en)
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- Thomasville, Georgia, U.S. (en)
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- Cadet Henry O. Flipper USMA Class of 1877 (en)
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- Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. (en)
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- Flipper,+Henry+Ossian (en)
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- Henry Ossian Flipper (en)
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- Henry Ossian Flipper, né le 21 mars 1856 à Thomasville en Géorgie aux États-Unis et mort le 3 mai 1940, est un officier américain. Ancien esclave, il devient en 1877 le premier afro-américain diplômé de l'académie militaire de West Point aux États-Unis. (fr)
- Henry Ossian Flipper (Thomasville, 21 maart 1856 – Atlanta, 3 mei 1940) was een Amerikaanse soldaat, voormalige slaaf en de eerste Afro-Amerikaan die in 1877 te West Point afstudeerde aan de United States Military Academy. Hij was tweede luitenant in het Amerikaanse leger. (nl)
- Генри Флиппер (англ. Henry Flipper, полное имя Henry Ossian Flipper; 1856—1940) — первый афроамериканец, бывший раб, окончивший Военную академию США в Вест-Пойнте. (ru)
- Henry Ossian Flipper (March 21, 1856 – April 26, 1940) was an American soldier, engineer, former slave and in 1877, the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point, earning a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He was also an author who wrote about scientific topics and his life experiences. After losing his commission in the Army, Flipper worked throughout Mexico and Latin America as an assistant to the Secretary of the Interior. He retired to Atlanta in 1931 and died of natural causes in 1940. (en)
- Henry Ossian Flipper, född 21 mars 1856 i Thomasville, Georgia, död 26 april 1940 i Atlanta, Georgia, var en amerikansk soldat och före detta slav. Henry Ossian Flipper föddes som slav i Thomasville, Georgia. Han släpptes fri 1865, då staden erövrades av USA under amerikanska inbördeskriget. Han skrevs in vid United States Military Academy 1873 och blev den första afroamerikanska kadetten att gå ut skolan 1877. Han fick graden fänrik. Han valde kavalleri som vapenslag och anslöt sig till 10. kavalleriregementet.
* Grav och benådning
* Henry Flippers grav i Thomasville.
* (sv)
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- Henry Ossian Flipper (en)
- Henry Ossian Flipper (fr)
- Henry Ossian Flipper (nl)
- Henry Ossian Flipper (sv)
- Флиппер, Генри (ru)
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- Henry Ossian Flipper (en)
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