The Hawaiian Trough, otherwise known as the Hawaiian Deep, is a moat-like depression of the seafloor surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. The weight from the volcanic island chain depresses the plastic lithosphere that is already weakened by the underlying thermal hotspot, causing subsidence to occur. The location with the greatest rate of subsidence is directly above the hotspot with a rate of about 0.1 inch (2.5 millimeters) per year. The Hawaiian Trough is about 18,045 feet (5500 meters) deep and has a radius of about 8.7 miles (14 km). The subsiding lithosphere is balanced out and through the concept of isostasy a part of the crust surrounding the trough is levered upwards creating the Hawaiian Arch. The Hawaiian Arch extends about 656 feet (200 meters) above the surrounding ocean floor,
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