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- Gembun-Itchi (jap. 言文一致, „Vereinheitlichung von Umgangs- und Schriftsprache“) war eine Reformbewegung der Meiji- und Taishō-Zeit, welche es zum Ziel hatte, die bis dahin verwendete japanische Schriftsprache (文語, bungo) in der Literatur abzulösen und durch die zeitgenössische Umgangssprache (口語, kōgo) zu ersetzen. Die Bezeichnung Gembun-Itchi wurde erstmals von Mozume Takami (1847–1928) als Titel einer Schrift von 1886 verwendet. (de)
- Genbun itchi (literally meaning "unification of the spoken and written language") was a successful nineteenth and early-twentieth century movement in Japan to replace classical Japanese, the written standard of the Japanese language, and classical Chinese with vernacular Japanese. At the start of the Meiji period, much writing in Japan was done in Chinese, called kanbun, or in the older form of the Japanese language called classical Japanese. Classical Japanese began to be written during the Heian period, at which point it was very similar to spoken Japanese. It became the written standard for the Japanese language for many centuries, though the spoken language continued to evolve and by the Edo period was substantially different from classical Japanese. During the early-nineteenth century, some authors began to write in colloquial Japanese to reach a broader audience who were unable to understand classical Japanese. The first formal proposal to reform the written language was a petition composed in 1866 by Maejima Hisoka. Following the Meiji Restoration, a movement started to phase out kanbun and classical Japanese as a means to improve education and literacy. The name for the movement, genbun itchi, was coined by Kanda Takahira in 1885. Futabatei Shimei's 1887 novel The Drifting Cloud was one of the first novels to be written in vernacular Japanese rather than classical. However, the intellectual community was divided, with some arguing that the grammar and vocabulary of spoken Japanese was too unrefined for use in literature. The movement died out between 1890 and 1895, during which no works of literature were written in vernacular Japanese. Several years later, the movement was revitalized, with Natsume Sōseki playing a key role in developing a new gembun itchi literary style. In 1900, the Japanese government appointed Maejima Hisoka as chair of the Genbun Itchi Committee to study the issue. The committee recommended increasing the use of colloquial Japanese. By 1908, novels no longer used classical Japanese or kanbun, and by the 1920s the same was true of all newspapers. Government documents remained in classical Japanese until 1946. (en)
- 言文一致（げんぶんいっち）とは、日常に用いられる話し言葉に近い口語体を用いて文章を書くこと、もしくはその結果、口語体で書かれた文章のことを指す。口語体で書かれた文章を口語文という。 (ja)
- 言文一致運動（日语：言文一致運動／げんぶんいっちうんどう Genbun icchi undō */?），是日本明治維新以來，語言、文學的近代化，主張言文一致，即藉由語言和文章的一致，使能自由並正確的表現思想、感情的文體改革運動。該運動發端於明治初期，經由二葉亭四迷、山田美妙、尾崎紅葉等作家在各自的作品中嘗試後，逐漸普及，演變成為現在的日本口語文，同時也是日本現代文學的起源。 言文一致運動也透過日治時代在日本內地求學的台灣學生，影響台灣社會、文學，引起（台灣日治時期新舊文學論戰）、台灣話文運動（台灣話文論戰）。 (zh)
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- Gembun-Itchi (jap. 言文一致, „Vereinheitlichung von Umgangs- und Schriftsprache“) war eine Reformbewegung der Meiji- und Taishō-Zeit, welche es zum Ziel hatte, die bis dahin verwendete japanische Schriftsprache (文語, bungo) in der Literatur abzulösen und durch die zeitgenössische Umgangssprache (口語, kōgo) zu ersetzen. Die Bezeichnung Gembun-Itchi wurde erstmals von Mozume Takami (1847–1928) als Titel einer Schrift von 1886 verwendet. (de)
- 言文一致（げんぶんいっち）とは、日常に用いられる話し言葉に近い口語体を用いて文章を書くこと、もしくはその結果、口語体で書かれた文章のことを指す。口語体で書かれた文章を口語文という。 (ja)
- 言文一致運動（日语：言文一致運動／げんぶんいっちうんどう Genbun icchi undō */?），是日本明治維新以來，語言、文學的近代化，主張言文一致，即藉由語言和文章的一致，使能自由並正確的表現思想、感情的文體改革運動。該運動發端於明治初期，經由二葉亭四迷、山田美妙、尾崎紅葉等作家在各自的作品中嘗試後，逐漸普及，演變成為現在的日本口語文，同時也是日本現代文學的起源。 言文一致運動也透過日治時代在日本內地求學的台灣學生，影響台灣社會、文學，引起（台灣日治時期新舊文學論戰）、台灣話文運動（台灣話文論戰）。 (zh)
- Genbun itchi (literally meaning "unification of the spoken and written language") was a successful nineteenth and early-twentieth century movement in Japan to replace classical Japanese, the written standard of the Japanese language, and classical Chinese with vernacular Japanese. At the start of the Meiji period, much writing in Japan was done in Chinese, called kanbun, or in the older form of the Japanese language called classical Japanese. Classical Japanese began to be written during the Heian period, at which point it was very similar to spoken Japanese. It became the written standard for the Japanese language for many centuries, though the spoken language continued to evolve and by the Edo period was substantially different from classical Japanese. (en)
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- Gembun-Itchi (de)
- Genbun itchi (en)
- 言文一致 (ja)
- 言文一致運動 (zh)
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