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- A flame structure is a type of soft-sediment deformation that forms in unconsolidated sediments. The weight of an overlying bed forces an underlying bed to push up through the overlying bed, generally when both strata are saturated with water. The resulting pattern (in cross section) may resemble flames. In order for the flame structure to occur, the overlying bed must be of a higher density than the underlying bed, or there must be differential pressures in the upper bed. Basically prior to flaming these structures are unstable, under pressure, and then subject to additional stress, such as being triggered by earthquakes. Earthquakes over magnitude 6 can initiate flaming in large (hundreds to thousands of square kilometres) areas, but flaming can also be caused by as little as the repeated pounding of waves. (en)
- 火炎構造（かえんこうぞう、フレーム構造、flame structure）とは、主に砂岩層とその下層の地質境界付近に見られる火炎（flame）の形を成す荷重痕のこと。地層に見られる堆積構造の一種。 (ja)
- 火焰狀構造（英語：Flame structure）是一種在鬆散沉積物中形成的軟沉積物變形。 通常在兩個地層都被水飽和時，上覆地層的重量迫使下層地層向上擠入上覆地層内。 由此在橫截面上，造成類似於火焰的結構。一般上層地層的密度必須高於下層地層，或者上下地層必須存在壓差。 (zh)
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- 火炎構造（かえんこうぞう、フレーム構造、flame structure）とは、主に砂岩層とその下層の地質境界付近に見られる火炎（flame）の形を成す荷重痕のこと。地層に見られる堆積構造の一種。 (ja)
- 火焰狀構造（英語：Flame structure）是一種在鬆散沉積物中形成的軟沉積物變形。 通常在兩個地層都被水飽和時，上覆地層的重量迫使下層地層向上擠入上覆地層内。 由此在橫截面上，造成類似於火焰的結構。一般上層地層的密度必須高於下層地層，或者上下地層必須存在壓差。 (zh)
- A flame structure is a type of soft-sediment deformation that forms in unconsolidated sediments. The weight of an overlying bed forces an underlying bed to push up through the overlying bed, generally when both strata are saturated with water. The resulting pattern (in cross section) may resemble flames. In order for the flame structure to occur, the overlying bed must be of a higher density than the underlying bed, or there must be differential pressures in the upper bed. (en)
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- Flame structure (en)
- 火炎構造 (ja)
- 火焰狀構造 (zh)
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