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- La Federal Reserve Act (Leĝo pri Federacia Banko, Federacia Rezerva Sistemo) estas usona leĝo, valida ekde la 23-a de decembro 1913, kiu establis la Federacian Rezervan Sistemon (Federal Reserve System), la centran bankan sistemon de la Usono, donante la leĝan aŭtoritecon por monfarado (usona dolaro). La leĝon signis kaj tiel ekvalidigis Woodrow Wilson. (eo)
- The Federal Reserve Act was passed by the 63rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on December 23, 1913. The law created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. The Panic of 1907 convinced many Americans of the need to establish a central banking system, which the country had lacked since the Bank War of the 1830s. After Democrats won unified control of Congress and the presidency in the 1912 elections, President Wilson, Congressman Carter Glass, and Senator Robert Latham Owen crafted a central banking bill that occupied a middle ground between the Aldrich Plan, which called for private control of the central banking system, and progressives like William Jennings Bryan, who favored government control over the central banking system. Wilson made the bill a top priority of his New Freedom domestic agenda, and he helped ensure that it passed both houses of Congress without major amendments. Later, President Wilson criticized the large centralization of credit and pointed out the direct harm to the development of the state. He wrote it in his book "Woodrow Wilson The New Freedom" on original page 111 or in pdf viewer page 116:"However it has come about, it Is more important still that the controll of credit also has become dangerously centralized. It is the mere truth to say that the financial resources of the country are not at the command of those who do not submit to the direction and domination of small groups of capitalists who wish to keep the economic development of the country under their own eye and guidance. The great monopoly of this country is the monopoly of big credits. So long as that exists, our old variety and freedom and individual energy of development are out of the question. A great industrial nation is controled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is privately concentrated." The Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System, consisting of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks jointly responsible for managing the country's money supply, making loans and providing oversight to banks, and serving as a lender of last resort. To lead the Federal Reserve System, the act established the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, members of which are appointed by the president. The 1933 Banking Act amended the Federal Reserve Act to create the Federal Open Market Committee, which oversees the Federal Reserve's open market operations. A later amendment requires the Federal Reserve "to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates." (en)
- La Ley de la Reserva Federal (cap. 6, (Ley del Congreso 6-38, United States Statutes at Large 251, promulgada 23 de diciembre de 1913) fue una ley del Congreso de los Estados Unidos que estableció la Reserva Federal, el sistema de banca central de los Estados Unidos, y le otorgó la autoridad legal para emitir Billetes de la Reserva Federal (comúnmente conocidos como dólares de Estados Unidos) y Pagarés Bancarios de la Reserva Federal como moneda de curso legal. La ley fue aprobada por el Presidente Woodrow Wilson. (es)
- Ustawa o Rezerwie Federalnej – amerykańska ustawa, podpisana przez prezydenta Woodrowa Wilsona 23 grudnia 1913 roku, na mocy której powstał System Rezerwy Federalnej. (pl)
- Il Federal Reserve Act è la legge costituiva della Federal Reserve Bank statunitense, approvata il 23 dicembre 1913 dal Congresso degli Stati Uniti. (it)
- The Federal Reserve Act är den amerikanska lag som skapade Federal Reserve System, det vill säga USA:s centralbank Federal Reserve. Lagen antogs av Kongressen den 23 december 1913 och signerades av president Woodrow Wilson. (sv)
- Закон «О Федеральном резерве» (англ. Federal Reserve Act) — закон США (251, гл. 6, 38) от 23 декабря 1913 года, учредивший Федеральную резервную систему и наделивший её полномочиями по эмиссии (в дальнейшем преобразованных в доллары США) и билетов федерального резервного банка, используемых в качестве законного платёжного средства США. Закон был промульгирован президентом Вудро Вильсоном 23 декабря 1913 года. (ru)
- 1913年12月23日，通过联邦储备法（Federal Reserve Act），并由伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署成为法律。该法確立了美国的中央银行系统联邦储备系统（美聯儲）。 (zh)
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- La Federal Reserve Act (Leĝo pri Federacia Banko, Federacia Rezerva Sistemo) estas usona leĝo, valida ekde la 23-a de decembro 1913, kiu establis la Federacian Rezervan Sistemon (Federal Reserve System), la centran bankan sistemon de la Usono, donante la leĝan aŭtoritecon por monfarado (usona dolaro). La leĝon signis kaj tiel ekvalidigis Woodrow Wilson. (eo)
- La Ley de la Reserva Federal (cap. 6, (Ley del Congreso 6-38, United States Statutes at Large 251, promulgada 23 de diciembre de 1913) fue una ley del Congreso de los Estados Unidos que estableció la Reserva Federal, el sistema de banca central de los Estados Unidos, y le otorgó la autoridad legal para emitir Billetes de la Reserva Federal (comúnmente conocidos como dólares de Estados Unidos) y Pagarés Bancarios de la Reserva Federal como moneda de curso legal. La ley fue aprobada por el Presidente Woodrow Wilson. (es)
- Ustawa o Rezerwie Federalnej – amerykańska ustawa, podpisana przez prezydenta Woodrowa Wilsona 23 grudnia 1913 roku, na mocy której powstał System Rezerwy Federalnej. (pl)
- Il Federal Reserve Act è la legge costituiva della Federal Reserve Bank statunitense, approvata il 23 dicembre 1913 dal Congresso degli Stati Uniti. (it)
- The Federal Reserve Act är den amerikanska lag som skapade Federal Reserve System, det vill säga USA:s centralbank Federal Reserve. Lagen antogs av Kongressen den 23 december 1913 och signerades av president Woodrow Wilson. (sv)
- Закон «О Федеральном резерве» (англ. Federal Reserve Act) — закон США (251, гл. 6, 38) от 23 декабря 1913 года, учредивший Федеральную резервную систему и наделивший её полномочиями по эмиссии (в дальнейшем преобразованных в доллары США) и билетов федерального резервного банка, используемых в качестве законного платёжного средства США. Закон был промульгирован президентом Вудро Вильсоном 23 декабря 1913 года. (ru)
- 1913年12月23日，通过联邦储备法（Federal Reserve Act），并由伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署成为法律。该法確立了美国的中央银行系统联邦储备系统（美聯儲）。 (zh)
- The Federal Reserve Act was passed by the 63rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on December 23, 1913. The law created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. (en)
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