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Essercizi per gravicembalo (Exercises for Harpsichord) is a collection of thirty sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti. It was published in London on 3 February 1739 and dedicated by the composer to King John V of Portugal. The latter summoned the composer to Lisbon to teach his daughter, Barbara of Portugal, to play the harpsichord. The collection bears the Kirkpatrick numbers K.1 to K.30: Twenty-three of these sonatas were adapted in the 1740s into concerto grosso by Charles Avison in his collection, 12 Concerti grossi.

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  • Essercizi per gravicembalo (Exercises for Harpsichord) is a collection of thirty sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti. It was published in London on 3 February 1739 and dedicated by the composer to King John V of Portugal. The latter summoned the composer to Lisbon to teach his daughter, Barbara of Portugal, to play the harpsichord. The Italian title mirrors that of Clavier-Übung in German, which means the same thing, which is also notably used to refer to a group of pieces by Johann Sebastian Bach. Presented as teaching tool, the pieces, often of great virtuosity, also earn a place in the concert hall through their musicality. Conceived for the harpsichord, they have also been honored on the piano by great virtuosos. Of the 555 sonatas written by Domenico Scarlatti, only these were edited with his participation. The rest remained unpublished while he was alive or were published without his supervision. Essercizi per gravicembalo made a technical musical contribution and gave innovative ideas to fellow composers of the time. Their main novelty consists in arpeggios, repeated notes and crossed hands, characteristics that to this day offer object lessons to students learning to play keyboard instruments. Like all of this composer’s pieces for harpsichord, these sonatas, invariably a single movement and a have binary structure, are imbued with the greatest originality, both musical and in interpretive technique. The work begins with a preface:"Reader, do not expect, whether you are a dilettante or a professor, to find in these compositions any profound intention, but rather an ingenious banter in the art to exercise you in rigorous play of the harpsichord. No point of view or ambition guided me, but obedience brought me to publish it. Perhaps they will be agreeable to you, and I will more willingly then obey your other orders to please you with an easier and more varied style. Therefore do not show yourself more judge than critic, and you will thereby grow your own pleasure. To specify hand position I have used the letter D to indicate the right hand, and the letter M the left hand. Live happily." The collection bears the Kirkpatrick numbers K.1 to K.30: * K.1 — , Allegro * K.2 — , Presto * K.3 — , Presto * K.4 — , Allegro * K.5 — , Allegro * K.6 — , Allegro * K.7 — , Presto * K.8 — , Allegro * K.9 — , Allegro * K.10 — , Presto * K.11 — * K.12 — , Presto * K.13 — , Presto * K.14 — , Presto * K.15 — , Allegro * K.16 — , Presto * K.17 — , Presto * K.18 — , Presto * K.19 — , Allegro * K.20 — , Presto * K.21 — , Allegro * K.22 — , Allegro * K.23 — , Allegro * K.24 — , Presto * K.25 — , Allegro * K.26 — , Presto * K.27 — , Allegro * K.28 — , Presto * K.29 — , Presto * K.30 — Sonata in G minor, Moderato (also known as "Cat's Fugue") Twenty-three of these sonatas were adapted in the 1740s into concerto grosso by Charles Avison in his collection, 12 Concerti grossi. (en)
  • Exercices pour le clavecin Essercizi per gravicembalo (Exercices pour le clavecin) est un recueil de 30 sonates composées par Domenico Scarlatti, publié en première édition à Londres en 1738 et dédié au roi Jean V de Portugal. Ce dernier avait fait venir le compositeur à Lisbonne pour y enseigner le clavecin à sa fille Maria Barbara, future reine d'Espagne. On n'en connaît aucun autographe. On note la similitude du titre italien avec celui de Clavier-Übung (en allemand), dont la signification est identique et employé notamment pour un ensemble de pièces de Jean-Sébastien Bach. Le but didactique est affiché, même si ces pièces, souvent de grande virtuosité, ont toute leur place au concert par leur musicalité. Conçues pour le clavecin, elles ont aussi été honorées, au piano, par les plus grands virtuoses. Ces sonates sont les seules, parmi les 555 au moins qu'il a composées pour le clavecin, à avoir été éditées avec sa participation, par son ami Thomas Roseingrave qu'il avait connu en Italie ; toutes les autres sont restées en manuscrit du vivant du compositeur, ou ont fait l'objet de publications non supervisées ou autorisées par lui, principalement en Angleterre et en France. Comme toute la production de Scarlatti pour le clavecin, ces sonates, invariablement en un seul mouvement de structure binaire (la forme « suite »), sont empreintes de la plus grande originalité, tant au point de vue purement musical que de celui de la technique d'interprétation. L'ouvrage comporte un avertissement au lecteur ainsi rédigé : « Lecteur, ne t'attends pas, que tu sois dilettante ou professeur, à trouver dans ces compositions une intention profonde, mais plutôt un ingénieux badinage de l'art pour t'exercer au jeu hardi sur le clavecin. Aucune vue d'intérêt, aucun but d'ambition ne m'a guidé, mais l'obéissance m'a porté à le publier. Peut-être te seront-elles agréables, et plus volontiers alors obéirai-je à d'autres ordres de te complaire par un style plus facile et plus varié. Ne te montre donc pas plus juge que critique, et tu accroîtras ainsi ton propre plaisir. Pour préciser la position des mains, je t'avise que la lettre D indique la main droite, et la lettre M la main gauche. Vis heureux. » (fr)
  • Gli Essercizi per gravicembalo sono una raccolta di trenta sonate per clavicembalo, composte da Domenico Scarlatti. La raccolta fu pubblicata presumibilmente a Londra tra il 21 aprile 1738, quando Scarlatti venne insignito del Cavalierato dell'Ordine di San Giacomo citato nel frontespizio degli Essercizi e il 31 gennaio del 1739, quando apparve la riedizione degli Essercizi curata da Thomas Roseingrave e dedicata dall'artista al Re del Portogallo. Questi "esercizi" sono le uniche fra le sue 555 sonate pubblicate con la sua partecipazione, mentre il resto delle sue opere furono stampate lontano da lui o dopo la sua morte. Insieme a tutta la produzione clavicembalistica di Domenico Scarlatti le sonate qui raccolte hanno dato un contributo tecnico innovativo e spunti di ispirazione a tutti i compositori del suo tempo e ai posteri. Le principali novità delle sue opere consistono negli arpeggi, note ribattute, mani incrociate, doppie terze e doppie seste, ottave percosse e spezzate, caratteristiche che le rendono ancora oggi un passaggio tecnico essenziale per gli studenti di strumenti a tastiera. Qui sotto sono riportate le sonate contenute nella raccolta secondo la classificazione numerica operata da Kirkpatrick, Longo, Fadini. (it)
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dbp:alt
  • Essercizi_per_gravicembalo (en)
dbp:composer
dbp:dedication
  • John V of Portugal (en)
dbp:instrumental
  • Harpsichord (en)
dbp:name
  • 'Essercizi per gravicembalo'' (en)
dbp:type
  • Baroque sonatas (en)
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dbp:written
  • Before 1738 (en)
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rdfs:comment
  • Essercizi per gravicembalo (Exercises for Harpsichord) is a collection of thirty sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti. It was published in London on 3 February 1739 and dedicated by the composer to King John V of Portugal. The latter summoned the composer to Lisbon to teach his daughter, Barbara of Portugal, to play the harpsichord. The collection bears the Kirkpatrick numbers K.1 to K.30: Twenty-three of these sonatas were adapted in the 1740s into concerto grosso by Charles Avison in his collection, 12 Concerti grossi. (en)
  • Exercices pour le clavecin Essercizi per gravicembalo (Exercices pour le clavecin) est un recueil de 30 sonates composées par Domenico Scarlatti, publié en première édition à Londres en 1738 et dédié au roi Jean V de Portugal. Ce dernier avait fait venir le compositeur à Lisbonne pour y enseigner le clavecin à sa fille Maria Barbara, future reine d'Espagne. On n'en connaît aucun autographe. L'ouvrage comporte un avertissement au lecteur ainsi rédigé : (fr)
  • Gli Essercizi per gravicembalo sono una raccolta di trenta sonate per clavicembalo, composte da Domenico Scarlatti. La raccolta fu pubblicata presumibilmente a Londra tra il 21 aprile 1738, quando Scarlatti venne insignito del Cavalierato dell'Ordine di San Giacomo citato nel frontespizio degli Essercizi e il 31 gennaio del 1739, quando apparve la riedizione degli Essercizi curata da Thomas Roseingrave e dedicata dall'artista al Re del Portogallo. Questi "esercizi" sono le uniche fra le sue 555 sonate pubblicate con la sua partecipazione, mentre il resto delle sue opere furono stampate lontano da lui o dopo la sua morte. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Essercizi per gravicembalo (en)
  • Essercizi per gravicembalo (fr)
  • Essercizi per gravicembalo (it)
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