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- Draculin (named after Count Dracula) is a glycoprotein found in the saliva of vampire bats. It is a single-chain protein composed of 708 amino acids, weighing about 83 kDa. It functions as an anticoagulant, inhibiting coagulation factors IX (IXa) and X (Xa) by establishing rapid equilibrium with factor Xa, thus keeping the blood of the bitten victim from clotting while the bat is drinking. The activation of factor X is a common point between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Draculin is a member of the Lactoferrin family of proteins that functions as an antibacterial protein in other mammals, but has been co-opted in bat evolution to function as an anticoagulant. Draculin is a noncompetitive inhibitor of FXa. The inhibition upon contact with the blood of the victim is immediate. Because of the immediate inhibition, the reaction is not readily reversible initially, but is a reversible reaction. It does not act on thrombin, trypsin or chymotrypsin and does not express fibrinolytic activity. The protein increases the lag phase as well as the height of the peak of thrombin generation when in plasma, leading to prolonged bleeding. Daily salivation of vampire bats yields a saliva that progressively decreases in anticoagulant activity. However, there is no significant change in overall protein content during this time. After a 4-day period of rest, anticoagulant activity of the saliva is restored. In addition, purified native draculin, obtained from high- and low-activity saliva, shows significant differences in composition of the carbohydrate moiety, and glycosylation pattern. Furthermore, controlled chemical de-glycosylation of native draculin progressively leads to complete loss of the biological activity, despite the conditions leaving the polypeptide backbone intact. (en)
- La draculina (por Drácula) es una glucoproteína que se encuentra en la saliva del murciélago Desmodus rotundus y se compone de 411 aminoácidos, pesa 88,5 kDa y funciona como un anticoagulante inhibiendo los factores IX (IXa) y X (Xa), manteniendo así la sangre sin coagular de la víctima de mordida. Draculina se está estudiando actualmente ya que puede ser útil como tratamiento para accidentes cerebrovasculares y ataques cardíacos. La proteína ha demostrado utilidad en el tratamiento de accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos, que representan la mayoría de los accidentes cerebrovasculares. (es)
- La draculina è una glicoproteina anticoagulante presente soprattutto nella saliva dei chirotteri. Viene secreta dalla lingua dei pipistrelli vampiri e permette all'animale di leccare il sangue delle prede, che morde delicatamente con i denti affilati, e di fare sì che esso non si coaguli. Il sangue succhiato da una qualsiasi preda non supera i 25-30 ml. (it)
- La draculine (nommée ainsi d'après le personnage de fiction Dracula) est une glycoprotéine contenue dans la salive des chauve-souris vampires et possédant un pouvoir anticoagulant. Composé de 411 acides aminés, elle inhibe les facteurs de coagulation IX (IXa) et X (Xa) du sang des animaux à sang chaud : lorsque la chauve-souris a entaillé de ses incisives la peau d'un animal, son sang s'écoule sans coaguler, ce qui lui permet de le laper. Cet anticoagulant est cent fois plus puissant que les autres anticoagulants connus, et est prescrit pour les patients atteints d'attaques cardiaques. (fr)
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- La draculina (por Drácula) es una glucoproteína que se encuentra en la saliva del murciélago Desmodus rotundus y se compone de 411 aminoácidos, pesa 88,5 kDa y funciona como un anticoagulante inhibiendo los factores IX (IXa) y X (Xa), manteniendo así la sangre sin coagular de la víctima de mordida. Draculina se está estudiando actualmente ya que puede ser útil como tratamiento para accidentes cerebrovasculares y ataques cardíacos. La proteína ha demostrado utilidad en el tratamiento de accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos, que representan la mayoría de los accidentes cerebrovasculares. (es)
- La draculina è una glicoproteina anticoagulante presente soprattutto nella saliva dei chirotteri. Viene secreta dalla lingua dei pipistrelli vampiri e permette all'animale di leccare il sangue delle prede, che morde delicatamente con i denti affilati, e di fare sì che esso non si coaguli. Il sangue succhiato da una qualsiasi preda non supera i 25-30 ml. (it)
- La draculine (nommée ainsi d'après le personnage de fiction Dracula) est une glycoprotéine contenue dans la salive des chauve-souris vampires et possédant un pouvoir anticoagulant. Composé de 411 acides aminés, elle inhibe les facteurs de coagulation IX (IXa) et X (Xa) du sang des animaux à sang chaud : lorsque la chauve-souris a entaillé de ses incisives la peau d'un animal, son sang s'écoule sans coaguler, ce qui lui permet de le laper. Cet anticoagulant est cent fois plus puissant que les autres anticoagulants connus, et est prescrit pour les patients atteints d'attaques cardiaques. (fr)
- Draculin (named after Count Dracula) is a glycoprotein found in the saliva of vampire bats. It is a single-chain protein composed of 708 amino acids, weighing about 83 kDa. It functions as an anticoagulant, inhibiting coagulation factors IX (IXa) and X (Xa) by establishing rapid equilibrium with factor Xa, thus keeping the blood of the bitten victim from clotting while the bat is drinking. The activation of factor X is a common point between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Draculin is a member of the Lactoferrin family of proteins that functions as an antibacterial protein in other mammals, but has been co-opted in bat evolution to function as an anticoagulant. (en)
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- Draculina (es)
- Draculin (en)
- Draculine (fr)
- Draculina (it)
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