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In classical Islamic law, a concubine was a slave-woman with whom her master engaged in sexual relations. Concubinage was widely accepted by Muslim scholars in pre-modern times. Most modern Muslims, both scholars and laypersons, believe that Islam no longer accepts concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage. With abolition of slavery in the Muslim world, the practice of concubinage came to an end. Many modern Muslims see slavery as contrary to Islamic principles of justice and equality.

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  • In classical Islamic law, a concubine was a slave-woman with whom her master engaged in sexual relations. Concubinage was widely accepted by Muslim scholars in pre-modern times. Most modern Muslims, both scholars and laypersons, believe that Islam no longer accepts concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage. Concubinage was a custom practiced in both pre-Islamic Arabia and the wider Near East and Mediterranean. The Qur'an allowed this custom by requiring that a man not have sexual relations with anyone except for his wife or concubine. Muhammad had a concubine Maria the Copt who had been given to him as a gift by al-Muqawqis with whom he had a son. Some sources say he later freed and married her, while others dispute this. Classical Islamic jurists did not place any limits on how many concubines a man could have. Prostitution of concubines was prohibited. A concubine who gave birth to a child was given the special status of an umm al-walad; she could not be sold and was automatically free after her master's death. The children of a concubine were considered free, legitimate and equal in status to the children from a man's wife. With abolition of slavery in the Muslim world, the practice of concubinage came to an end. Many modern Muslims see slavery as contrary to Islamic principles of justice and equality. (en)
  • Inom islamisk rätt definierades en konkubin (arabiska: surriyya) som en kvinnlig slav med vilken hennes ägare hade sexuellt umgänge. Enligt koranen godkändes sexuellt umgänge enbart inom äktenskapet, eller mellan en man och hans konkubin. Ingen muslimsk kvinna kunde ha sexuellt umgänge med någon annan man än sin äkta make. En konkubin var därför inte en fri muslimsk kvinna utan per definition en slav, enligt principen Ma malakat aymanukum. Ingen muslimsk kvinna fick vara slav, och konkubinen var därför av icke muslimskt ursprung. Den islamiska rätten tillät en man att ha fyra hustrur, men det fanns ingen begränsning för hur många slavkonkubiner han fick ha. Profeten Muhammed hade själv flera slavkonkubiner, av vilka den mest kända var Maria al-Qibtiyya. Prostitution av konkubiner var formellt sett inte tillåtet. En man fick enligt islamisk rätt använda preventivmedel med sina slavkvinnor för att förhindra av honom oönskade graviditeter. Om en slavkonkubin blev gravid och födde ett barn, uppnådde hon status som Umm walad, vilket innebar att hon inte längre kunde säljas, och blev fri vid sin ägares död. Sexuellt slaveri av konkubiner av icke muslimskt ursprung var normalt i muslimska harem i historisk tid till in på 1800- och 1900-talen, då slaveri officiellt förbjöds i den muslimska världen. (sv)
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  • In classical Islamic law, a concubine was a slave-woman with whom her master engaged in sexual relations. Concubinage was widely accepted by Muslim scholars in pre-modern times. Most modern Muslims, both scholars and laypersons, believe that Islam no longer accepts concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage. With abolition of slavery in the Muslim world, the practice of concubinage came to an end. Many modern Muslims see slavery as contrary to Islamic principles of justice and equality. (en)
  • Inom islamisk rätt definierades en konkubin (arabiska: surriyya) som en kvinnlig slav med vilken hennes ägare hade sexuellt umgänge. Enligt koranen godkändes sexuellt umgänge enbart inom äktenskapet, eller mellan en man och hans konkubin. Ingen muslimsk kvinna kunde ha sexuellt umgänge med någon annan man än sin äkta make. En konkubin var därför inte en fri muslimsk kvinna utan per definition en slav, enligt principen Ma malakat aymanukum. Ingen muslimsk kvinna fick vara slav, och konkubinen var därför av icke muslimskt ursprung. (sv)
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  • Islamic views on concubinage (en)
  • Konkubinat inom islam (sv)
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