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- Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) is a behavior therapy approach in psychotherapy for treating addiction developed by Robert J. Meyers in the late 1970s. Meyers worked with Nathan Azrin in the early 1970s whilst he was developing his own community reinforcement approach (CRA) which uses operant conditioning (also called contingency management) techniques to help people learn to reduce the power of their addictions and enjoy healthy living. Meyers adapted CRA to create CRAFT, which he described as CRA that "works through family members." CRAFT combines CRA with family training to equip concerned significant others (CSOs) of addicts with supportive techniques to encourage their loved ones to begin and continue treatment and provides them with defences against addiction's damaging effects on themselves. (en)
- Community Reinforcement Approach (in Deutschland Gemeindeorientierte Suchttherapie genannt) ist die Bezeichnung für ein verhaltenstherapeutisches Behandlungskonzept bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, dessen Kernelement die positive Verstärkung aus dem sozialen Umfeld ist, wobei die positiven Verstärker des Suchtmittelkonsums reduziert und die der Suchtmittelabstinenz ausgebaut werden. Der Community-Reinforcement Approach wurde 1973 von Nathan Azrin und George Hunt in den USA entwickelt. Bekannteste Protagonisten der Methode sind derzeit (Stand 2011) Robert J. Meyers und Jane Ellen Smith von der University of New Mexico sowie in Deutschland Martin Reker (Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie in Bethel). Basis einer CRA-Behandlung ist die Verhaltensanalyse von Konsum- und Abstinenzprozessen des Patienten. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Abstinenz-Konto geschaffen, wobei auch Disulfiram verwendet wird. Während der so herbeigeführten Abstinenzphasen werden im gewohnten Lebensumfeld abstinenzfördernde Verhaltensweisen stabilisiert. (de)
- コミュニティ強化アプローチと家族トレーニング（Community reinforcement approach and family training, CRAFT）は嗜癖を治療するための行動療法のアプローチの一つである。その元となったコミュニティ強化アプローチ (CRA)は、Nathan Azrinらが1970年代にオペラント条件づけを応用して、嗜癖の脅威を弱め、患者が健康的な生活を営めるようにしたプログラムである。CRAFTはCRAと家族のトレーニングを組み合わせたものである。家族や友人が自分たちにとって大切な誰かを支援できるように、その人が治療を自ら開始し、続けられるようにするものである。嗜癖による害がその人や周りを犯すことがないように予防する。 (ja)
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- CRA can be combined with other treatment methods. For example, ... CRA has recently [in 1999] been combined with motivational interviewing to form an integrated treatment. Similarly, CRA is consistent with involvement in 12-step programs. (en)
- [It is one of the myths that] no one enters treatment until they "hit bottom" so using CRAFT while your loved one is still functioning is a waste of time.
People enter treatment when the reasons not to use outweigh the reasons to use. And as research has clearly shown, family members can help shift the balance so that the [substance] user develops enough reasons to stop. (en)
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- From Robert J. Meyers, PhD, "CRAFT: An Alternative to Intervention". (en)
- From William R. Miller, PhD, et al. "The Community-Reinforcement Approach" published in the Alcohol Research and Health journal by NIAAA . (en)
- Drs. Robert J. Meyers and Brenda L. Wolfe, from Get Your Loved One Sober. (en)
- From William Miller, PhD, "Toward a Motivational Definition and Understanding of Addiction". (en)
- From an online news clip by KRQE News at Robert J. Meyers, PhD: "CRAFT Video Clip". (en)
- Dr. Nicole Kosanke in an online video by cmc: Center for Motivation and Change at YouTube: "Intro to CRAFT: CRAFT vs Alternatives ". (en)
- From an online video by cmc: Center for Motivation and Change at YouTube: "Negative Consequences vs Detaching". (en)
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- A Conversation: (en)
- CRAFT vs. Alternatives (en)
- Compatibility (en)
- Dr. Bob Meyers: (en)
- Engaging v. Detaching (en)
- Family Communication (en)
- Motivation & Abstinence (en)
- Results and Safety (en)
- The "Hitting Bottom" Myth (en)
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- コミュニティ強化アプローチと家族トレーニング（Community reinforcement approach and family training, CRAFT）は嗜癖を治療するための行動療法のアプローチの一つである。その元となったコミュニティ強化アプローチ (CRA)は、Nathan Azrinらが1970年代にオペラント条件づけを応用して、嗜癖の脅威を弱め、患者が健康的な生活を営めるようにしたプログラムである。CRAFTはCRAと家族のトレーニングを組み合わせたものである。家族や友人が自分たちにとって大切な誰かを支援できるように、その人が治療を自ら開始し、続けられるようにするものである。嗜癖による害がその人や周りを犯すことがないように予防する。 (ja)
- Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) is a behavior therapy approach in psychotherapy for treating addiction developed by Robert J. Meyers in the late 1970s. Meyers worked with Nathan Azrin in the early 1970s whilst he was developing his own community reinforcement approach (CRA) which uses operant conditioning (also called contingency management) techniques to help people learn to reduce the power of their addictions and enjoy healthy living. Meyers adapted CRA to create CRAFT, which he described as CRA that "works through family members." CRAFT combines CRA with family training to equip concerned significant others (CSOs) of addicts with supportive techniques to encourage their loved ones to begin and continue treatment and provides them with defences against addic (en)
- Community Reinforcement Approach (in Deutschland Gemeindeorientierte Suchttherapie genannt) ist die Bezeichnung für ein verhaltenstherapeutisches Behandlungskonzept bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, dessen Kernelement die positive Verstärkung aus dem sozialen Umfeld ist, wobei die positiven Verstärker des Suchtmittelkonsums reduziert und die der Suchtmittelabstinenz ausgebaut werden. (de)
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- Community Reinforcement Approach (de)
- Community reinforcement approach and family training (en)
- コミュニティ強化アプローチと家族トレーニング (ja)
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