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- The Ceffyl Pren ("wooden horse") was a traditional Welsh form of mob justice. It was a form of ritual humiliation in which offenders would be paraded around the village tied to a wooden frame. The custom was similar to practices known in England as "rough music" or in Scotland as "riding the stang". It seems to have persisted until the mid 19th century. In later times, an effigy was sometimes burned instead. The justice of the Ceffyl Pren was administered by a jury led by a foreman, with all of the men involved seeking anonymity through the use of blackened faces and female garb. This bizarre tradition led to the adoption of "female impersonation" as one of the key features of the Rebecca Riots which swept across South and West Wales in the period 1839–1844 in protest against tollgate charges and the corruption of the Turnpike Trusts. Adulterers, harsh landlords, the fathers of bastard children who hid behind the hated provisions of the 19th century Poor Law making the mother entirely responsible for her own predicament, all faced the frightening, embarrassing (and not infrequently painful) effects of these riotous affairs . (en)
- Ceffyl Pren (que en galés significa caballo de madera) fue una forma galesa tradicional de gobierno de la muchedumbre. Fue una forma de humillación ritual que consistía en hacer desfilar a los infractores por el pueblo, atados a una estructura de madera. La costumbre fue parecida a las que en Inglaterra se conocieron como música dura o en Escocia como montar el "stang". Al parecer, la tradición duró hasta mediados del siglo XIX. En tiempos posteriores, se reemplazó esta práctica por una en la que se quemaban efigies. Adulteros, caseros severos, los padres de los hijos bastardos quienes se escondieron detrás de la Ley de Pobres del siglo XIX haciendo la madre completamente responsable por su propio aprieto, todos se enfrentaron a los efectos espantosos, embarazosos (y a menudo dolorosos) de estos casos desenfrenados. (es)
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- The Ceffyl Pren ("wooden horse") was a traditional Welsh form of mob justice. It was a form of ritual humiliation in which offenders would be paraded around the village tied to a wooden frame. The custom was similar to practices known in England as "rough music" or in Scotland as "riding the stang". It seems to have persisted until the mid 19th century. In later times, an effigy was sometimes burned instead. The justice of the Ceffyl Pren was administered by a jury led by a foreman, with all of the men involved seeking anonymity through the use of blackened faces and female garb. This bizarre tradition led to the adoption of "female impersonation" as one of the key features of the Rebecca Riots which swept across South and West Wales in the period 1839–1844 in protest against tollgate char (en)
- Ceffyl Pren (que en galés significa caballo de madera) fue una forma galesa tradicional de gobierno de la muchedumbre. Fue una forma de humillación ritual que consistía en hacer desfilar a los infractores por el pueblo, atados a una estructura de madera. La costumbre fue parecida a las que en Inglaterra se conocieron como música dura o en Escocia como montar el "stang". Al parecer, la tradición duró hasta mediados del siglo XIX. En tiempos posteriores, se reemplazó esta práctica por una en la que se quemaban efigies. (es)
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- Ceffyl Pren (en)
- Ceffyl Pren (es)
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