About: Bomber stream

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The bomber stream was a saturation attack tactic developed by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command to overwhelm the nighttime German aerial defences of the Kammhuber Line during World War II. The Kammhuber Line consisted of three layers of zones of about 32 km long (north–south) and 20 km wide (east–west). In each zone there were two German night fighter aircraft receiving ground-directed guidance from their own Himmelbett controller within each zone. While the Himmelbett control center could only handle two fighters, this was adequate for dealing with the RAF Bomber Command tactic of sending its night time bombers individually, with each bomber plotting its own route to the target, to avoid flak concentrations.

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  • التيار المهاجم أو مجرى القاذفات تكتيك هجومي وضعه سلاح الجو الملكي (RAF) على يد لتتفوق على الدفاعات الجوية الليلية الألمانية لخط كامهوبر خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. يتألف خط كامهوبر من ثلاث طبقات من مناطق يبلغ عددها حوالي 32كم (شمال - جنوب) وعرض 20 كم (شرق - غرب). في كل منطقة، كانت هناك طائرتان مقاتلتان ألمانيتان يتلقيان إرشادات موجهة من الأرض من جهاز التحكم في Himmelbett داخل كل منطقة. في حين أن مركز التحكم في Himmelbett لا يمكنه التعامل إلا مع مقاتليتين، فقد كان هذا مناسبًا للتعامل مع تكتيك قيادة سلاح الجو الملكي البريطاني المتمثل في إرسال قاذفات القنابل الليلية على حدة، مع تخطيط كل قاذفة طريقها إلى الهدف لتجنب التجمعات. أول استخدام لتيار المهاجم كان أول غارة ضد كولونيا في ليلة 30-31 مايو 1942. أثبت التكتيك نجاحه واستُخدم حتى الأيام الأخيرة من الحرب، عندما لم تعد الدفاعات الجوية الألمانية المنظمة فعالة. (ar)
  • Der Bomberstrom (englisch: bomber stream) war ein taktisches Luftangriffskonzept, das vom Bomber Command der britischen Royal Air Force (RAF) im Zweiten Weltkrieg entwickelt wurde, um die deutschen Luftverteidigungsstellungen der Kammhuber-Linie zu überwinden. Der Bomberstrom bestand aus einer Vielzahl von hintereinander gestaffelten Bomberverbänden. Das Ziel dieser damals neuartigen taktischen Maßnahme war es, die deutsche Luftverteidigungskapazität innerhalb einer einzelnen Verteidigungszone durch einen Masseneinsatz punktuell zu überfordern.Der erste Einsatz des neuen, taktischen Bomberstromkonzeptes war der 1000-Bomber-Angriff gegen Köln in der Nacht vom 30. auf den 31. Mai 1942.Die Bomberstromtaktik erwies sich als sehr effizient und erfolgreich und wurde bis zu den letzten Tagen des Krieges angewendet, auch als eine zentral organisierte deutsche Flugabwehr längst nicht mehr existierte. (de)
  • The bomber stream was a saturation attack tactic developed by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command to overwhelm the nighttime German aerial defences of the Kammhuber Line during World War II. The Kammhuber Line consisted of three layers of zones of about 32 km long (north–south) and 20 km wide (east–west). In each zone there were two German night fighter aircraft receiving ground-directed guidance from their own Himmelbett controller within each zone. While the Himmelbett control center could only handle two fighters, this was adequate for dealing with the RAF Bomber Command tactic of sending its night time bombers individually, with each bomber plotting its own route to the target, to avoid flak concentrations. At the urging of British scientific military strategist R. V. Jones, Bomber Command reorganized their attacks into streams carefully positioned to fly right down the middle of a cell. The introduction of the GEE navigation system allowed the RAF bombers to fly a long, tight, formation in the dark—a 'stream of bombers' flying a common route at the same speed to and from the target, each aircraft being allotted a height band and a time slot in a bomber stream to minimize the risk of formation collision. In one of the first applications of statistical operational research, the RAF estimated the number of bombers likely to be lost to enemy night fighters and flak, and how many would be lost through collisions. Minimizing the former demanded a densely packed stream, as the controllers of a night fighter flying a defensive 'box' could only direct a maximum of six potential interceptions per hour, and the flak gunners could not concentrate on all the available targets at once. A typical bomber stream of 600 to 700 aircraft was on average 8 or 10 miles (13 or 16 km) broad, and 4,000 to 6,000 feet (1,200 to 1,800 m) deep. The bomber stream allowed a bombing raid to be completed in a shorter timeframe, further overwhelming the defensive tactics of the German forces. The earlier RAF tactic of sending bombers on individual routes meant that it could take four hours before all its planes would pass over their target; the bomber stream reduced this window to 90 minutes. The first use of the bomber stream was the first 1,000 bomber raid against Cologne on the night of 30–31 May 1942. The tactic proved successful and was used until the last days of the war, when centrally-organised German air defences had ceased to exist. (en)
  • La corriente de bombarderos (nombre original en inglés: bomber stream) era una táctica desarrollada por el Comando de Bombardeo de la Real Fuerza Aérea británica durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, con el propósito de saturar las defensas aéreas nocturnas alemanas de la Línea Kammhuber. (es)
  • Le bomber stream (littéralement « courant » ou « flux de bombardiers ») était une tactique inventée par la Royal Air Force Bomber Command pour déborder la lutte antiaérienne allemande de la ligne Kammhuber au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr)
  • Il Bomber stream (in italiano "torrente di bombardieri" o "flusso di bombardieri") era la principale tattica sviluppata e applicata dal Bomber Command della RAF durante la seconda guerra mondiale per condurre la sua offensiva di bombardamento strategico notturno sulla Germania nazista. Applicato per la prima volta con i famosi "raid di 1000 bombardieri" del maggio-giugno 1942, il Bomber stream prevedeva la concentrazione in un settore il più possibile ristretto, del maggior numero possibile di bombardieri che avrebbero dovuto raggiungere l'obiettivo in veloce sequenza con un "flusso" (stream) continuo e sganciare il loro carico bellico in tempi rapidissimi. Questa tattica consentì di soverchiare le difese aeree della che potevano inviare solo pochi caccia notturni per volta contro l'enorme Bomber stream e rese anche molto più difficile l'azione della FlaK e l'opera di spegnimento degli incendi della difesa civile delle città tedesche. La tattica del Bomber stream venne costantemente applicata dal Bomber Command con un numero sempre crescente di bombardieri pesanti notturni, ottenendo, grazie anche all'impiego di tattiche sofisticate di guerra elettronica, adozione di ordigni incendiari e dirompenti sempre più potenti e abili stratagemmi operativi, effetti estremamente distruttivi contro le città tedesche. (it)
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  • La corriente de bombarderos (nombre original en inglés: bomber stream) era una táctica desarrollada por el Comando de Bombardeo de la Real Fuerza Aérea británica durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, con el propósito de saturar las defensas aéreas nocturnas alemanas de la Línea Kammhuber. (es)
  • Le bomber stream (littéralement « courant » ou « flux de bombardiers ») était une tactique inventée par la Royal Air Force Bomber Command pour déborder la lutte antiaérienne allemande de la ligne Kammhuber au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr)
  • التيار المهاجم أو مجرى القاذفات تكتيك هجومي وضعه سلاح الجو الملكي (RAF) على يد لتتفوق على الدفاعات الجوية الليلية الألمانية لخط كامهوبر خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. يتألف خط كامهوبر من ثلاث طبقات من مناطق يبلغ عددها حوالي 32كم (شمال - جنوب) وعرض 20 كم (شرق - غرب). في كل منطقة، كانت هناك طائرتان مقاتلتان ألمانيتان يتلقيان إرشادات موجهة من الأرض من جهاز التحكم في Himmelbett داخل كل منطقة. في حين أن مركز التحكم في Himmelbett لا يمكنه التعامل إلا مع مقاتليتين، فقد كان هذا مناسبًا للتعامل مع تكتيك قيادة سلاح الجو الملكي البريطاني المتمثل في إرسال قاذفات القنابل الليلية على حدة، مع تخطيط كل قاذفة طريقها إلى الهدف لتجنب التجمعات. (ar)
  • The bomber stream was a saturation attack tactic developed by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command to overwhelm the nighttime German aerial defences of the Kammhuber Line during World War II. The Kammhuber Line consisted of three layers of zones of about 32 km long (north–south) and 20 km wide (east–west). In each zone there were two German night fighter aircraft receiving ground-directed guidance from their own Himmelbett controller within each zone. While the Himmelbett control center could only handle two fighters, this was adequate for dealing with the RAF Bomber Command tactic of sending its night time bombers individually, with each bomber plotting its own route to the target, to avoid flak concentrations. (en)
  • Der Bomberstrom (englisch: bomber stream) war ein taktisches Luftangriffskonzept, das vom Bomber Command der britischen Royal Air Force (RAF) im Zweiten Weltkrieg entwickelt wurde, um die deutschen Luftverteidigungsstellungen der Kammhuber-Linie zu überwinden. (de)
  • Il Bomber stream (in italiano "torrente di bombardieri" o "flusso di bombardieri") era la principale tattica sviluppata e applicata dal Bomber Command della RAF durante la seconda guerra mondiale per condurre la sua offensiva di bombardamento strategico notturno sulla Germania nazista. (it)
rdfs:label
  • التيار المهاجم (ar)
  • Bomberstrom (de)
  • Corriente de bombarderos (es)
  • Bomber stream (en)
  • Bomber stream (fr)
  • Bomber stream (it)
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