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Black Hand extortion was a criminal tactic used by gangsters based in major cities in the United States. In Chicago, Black Hand extortion began around 1900 and had all but faded away by 1920, replaced by the Mafia. The Mafia was initially organized by Johnny Torrio and further organized by Al Capone into the extant Chicago Outfit sometime later.Black Handers in Chicago were mostly Italian men from Calabria and Sicily who would send anonymous extortion notes to their victims emblazoned with a feared old country symbol: the "Black Hand". The Black Hand was a precursor of organized crime, although it is still a tactic practiced by the Mafia and used in organized crime to this day. The Black Hand gangsters of this time period differed from the Mafia by lacking formally structured hierarchies a

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  • Black Hand extortion was a criminal tactic used by gangsters based in major cities in the United States. In Chicago, Black Hand extortion began around 1900 and had all but faded away by 1920, replaced by the Mafia. The Mafia was initially organized by Johnny Torrio and further organized by Al Capone into the extant Chicago Outfit sometime later.Black Handers in Chicago were mostly Italian men from Calabria and Sicily who would send anonymous extortion notes to their victims emblazoned with a feared old country symbol: the "Black Hand". The Black Hand was a precursor of organized crime, although it is still a tactic practiced by the Mafia and used in organized crime to this day. The Black Hand gangsters of this time period differed from the Mafia by lacking formally structured hierarchies and codes of conduct, and many were essentially one-man operations. Black Hand blackmail was also common in New York, Boston, and New Orleans. Victims would be threatened with being beaten, shot, or have their place of business bombed if they did not pay. Starting around 1909, Black Hand activity was causing difficulties for mob boss Big Jim Colosimo, a former Black Hand gangster and owner of brothels throughout Chicago. Colosimo's life was being threatened with demands for cash to ensure his physical safety. In an effort to fix the problem, he recruited Johnny Torrio, who was a member of New York's Five Points Gang at the time, to come to Chicago. Torrio would later become the famous successor to Big Jim Colosimo and mentor Al Capone as the organized crime ruler of Chicago. (en)
  • La Main noire désigne à la fois une organisation criminelle et une méthode d'extorsion utilisée par des gangsters basés à Chicago et dans d'autres grandes villes des États-Unis. À Chicago, la pratique de la Main noire commence vers 1900 et disparaît peu à peu jusqu'en 1920, remplacée par la mafia. Initialement dirigée par Johnny Torrio, la mafia est ensuite organisée par Al Capone, qui deviendra quelque temps plus tard l'organisation connue sous le nom de l'Outfit de Chicago. La Main noire est un groupe précurseur du crime organisé, et cette méthode est toujours utilisée par le crime organisé aujourd'hui. Ses membres, les "Black Handers", sont en majorité des émigrants italiens originaires de Calabre et de Sicile. A contrario de celle de la Mafia, l'organisation des gangsters de la Main noire se caractérise par une absence de hiérarchies et de codes de conduite formellement structurés, et par la conduite courante des opérations à un seul homme. Selon leur mode opératoire, ils envoyaient à leurs victimes des notes d'extorsion anonymes arborant un symbole reconnaissable : la « Main noire ». Ce chantage était accompagné de menaces à l'encontre des victimes (agression ou menaces de mort), mais elles pouvaient viser également leur habitation ou leur entreprise. La pratique de la Main noire était également courante à New York et à la Nouvelle-Orléans. À partir de 1909, la Main noire menace Big Jim Colosimo, un ancien gangster de la main noire, propriétaire de bordels dans l'ensemble de Chicago. Afin de résoudre les problèmes posés, Colosimo recrute Johnny Torrio, un membre du Five Points Gang de New York. Désigné comme son successeur, ce dernier est reconnu comme le dirigeant du crime organisé de Chicago et devient le mentor d'Al Capone. (fr)
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  • Black Hand extortion was a criminal tactic used by gangsters based in major cities in the United States. In Chicago, Black Hand extortion began around 1900 and had all but faded away by 1920, replaced by the Mafia. The Mafia was initially organized by Johnny Torrio and further organized by Al Capone into the extant Chicago Outfit sometime later.Black Handers in Chicago were mostly Italian men from Calabria and Sicily who would send anonymous extortion notes to their victims emblazoned with a feared old country symbol: the "Black Hand". The Black Hand was a precursor of organized crime, although it is still a tactic practiced by the Mafia and used in organized crime to this day. The Black Hand gangsters of this time period differed from the Mafia by lacking formally structured hierarchies a (en)
  • La Main noire désigne à la fois une organisation criminelle et une méthode d'extorsion utilisée par des gangsters basés à Chicago et dans d'autres grandes villes des États-Unis. À Chicago, la pratique de la Main noire commence vers 1900 et disparaît peu à peu jusqu'en 1920, remplacée par la mafia. Initialement dirigée par Johnny Torrio, la mafia est ensuite organisée par Al Capone, qui deviendra quelque temps plus tard l'organisation connue sous le nom de l'Outfit de Chicago. Ses membres, les "Black Handers", sont en majorité des émigrants italiens originaires de Calabre et de Sicile. (fr)
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  • Black Hand (Chicago) (en)
  • La Main noire (Chicago) (fr)
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