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- The 1894 United States House of Representatives elections were held from June 4, 1894 to November 6, 1894, with special elections throughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356 congressional districts across each of the 44 U.S. states at the time, as well as non-voting delegates from the inhabited U.S. territories. The winners of this election served in the 54th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 1890 United States Census. The elections comprised a significant political realignment, with a major Republican landslide that set the stage for the decisive election of 1896. The 1894 elections came in the middle of Democratic President Grover Cleveland's second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression yet following the Panic of 1893, which pushed economic issues to the forefront. In the spring, a major coal strike damaged the economy of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many joined the Populist Party. Immediately after the coal strike concluded, Eugene V. Debs led a nationwide railroad strike. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison for disobeying a court order. Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld, a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland. The fragmented and disoriented Democratic Party was crushed everywhere outside of the South, losing more than 55% of its seats to the Republican Party. The Democrats did so poorly that even in the South, they lost seats to the Republican-Populist electoral fusion in Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. The Democrats ultimately lost 127 seats in this election, with the Republicans gaining 130 seats after the resolution of several contested elections. The Democratic Party failed to win one seat in twenty-four states and only won one seat in six states. Prominent Democrats in the house including Richard P. Bland, William McKendree Springer, and William Lyne Wilson were defeated in the election. The 1894 election is the largest seat swing in the history of the House of Representatives. As of 2022, the only other occasion where a political party has suffered triple-digit losses was in 1932. The main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservative Bourbon Democrats led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the free silver wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground outside of the South. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the anti-Catholic American Protective Association; the allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics swung towards the GOP. (en)
- Die Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1894 fanden am 6. November statt und resultierten in einem klaren Sieg der Republikaner. In drei Staaten fanden die Wahlen bereits zwischen Juni und September 1894 statt. Mit der Wahl von einem Drittel der Senatoren wurde damit die Zusammensetzung des 54. Kongresses bestimmt. Die Wahlen im Jahre 1894 fanden in der Mitte der zweiten Amtszeit von Präsident Grover Cleveland statt. Die Vereinigten Staaten waren nach der Panik von 1893 in ihrer bisher tiefsten wirtschaftlichen Depression. Somit standen wirtschaftliche Fragen im Vordergrund. Im Frühjahr beschädigte ein großer Kohlestreik die Wirtschaft des Mittleren Westens und der Mittelatlantikstaaten. Die Bergleute verloren den von blutigen Ausschreitungen begleiteten Streik und viele wechselten zur Populist Party. Unmittelbar nachdem der Kohlestreik beendet wurde führte Eugene V. Debs einen landesweiten Eisenbahnerstreik, den Pullman-Streik, an. Damit wurde über Wochen hinweg das nationale Transportsystem westlich von Detroit lahmgelegt, bis Präsident Cleveland unter Einsatz von Bundestruppen den Streik beendete. Die Demokratische Partei verlor mehr als die Hälfte ihrer Sitze an die Republikanische Partei und konnte sich nur im Süden behaupten. Im Süden, in den Bundesstaaten Alabama, Texas, Tennessee und North Carolina, verloren die Demokraten sogar Sitze an die Populist Party. Die Demokraten verloren insgesamt 127 Sitze in der Wahl, während die Republikaner nach der Auflösung von mehreren umstrittenen Wahlen 130 Sitze gewannen. Dies ist der größte Wendepunkte in der Geschichte des Repräsentantenhauses und macht die Wahl zum größten Sieg bei den Zwischenwahlen in der gesamten Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten. Keine politische Partei hatte bis 1932 wieder dreistellige Sitzverluste zu verzeichnen. Ein wichtiges Wahlkampfthema war die schwere wirtschaftliche Depression, für die die Republikaner die konservativen Bourbon-Demokraten mit Cleveland an der Spitze verantwortlich machten. Cleveland-Unterstützer verloren innerhalb der Demokratischen Partei stark an Einfluss, dies resultierte 1896 in der Machtübernahme des Frei Silber-Flügels der Partei. Die Populistische Partei stellte Kandidaten im Süden und Mittleren Westen auf, verlor aber in der Regel außerhalb Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee und Texas. (de)
- 1894년 미국 하원의원 선거는 1894년 미국에서 치러진 하원의원 선거로, 1893년 이후 이어진 경제공황과 이에 따른 광산, 철도 등의 파업, 그리고 이에 대한 클리블랜드 행정부의 강경진압으로 집권 민주당은 절반 이상의 의석을 잃는다 (ko)
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- 1894년 미국 하원의원 선거는 1894년 미국에서 치러진 하원의원 선거로, 1893년 이후 이어진 경제공황과 이에 따른 광산, 철도 등의 파업, 그리고 이에 대한 클리블랜드 행정부의 강경진압으로 집권 민주당은 절반 이상의 의석을 잃는다 (ko)
- The 1894 United States House of Representatives elections were held from June 4, 1894 to November 6, 1894, with special elections throughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356 congressional districts across each of the 44 U.S. states at the time, as well as non-voting delegates from the inhabited U.S. territories. The winners of this election served in the 54th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 1890 United States Census. (en)
- Die Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1894 fanden am 6. November statt und resultierten in einem klaren Sieg der Republikaner. In drei Staaten fanden die Wahlen bereits zwischen Juni und September 1894 statt. Mit der Wahl von einem Drittel der Senatoren wurde damit die Zusammensetzung des 54. Kongresses bestimmt. (de)
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