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Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). Extended-release dosage consists of either sustained-release (SR) or controlled-release (CR) dosage. SR maintains drug release over a sustained period but not at a constant rate. CR maintains drug release over a sustained period at a nearly constant rate.

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  • جرعة معدلة التحرر (ar)
  • Modified-release dosage (en)
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  • الجرعة مُعدَّلة التحرُّر (بالإنجليزية: Modified-release dosage) هي آلية لإعطاء الأدوية بحيث تؤدي لتحرُّر المادة الفعالة منها خلال فترة طويلة نسبيَّاً عن طريق تغيير السواغات الحاملة لهذه المادة الفعَّالة، وتعاكس هذه الطريقة مبدأ الجرعة الفورية بشكل كامل. (ar)
  • Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). Extended-release dosage consists of either sustained-release (SR) or controlled-release (CR) dosage. SR maintains drug release over a sustained period but not at a constant rate. CR maintains drug release over a sustained period at a nearly constant rate. (en)
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  • الجرعة مُعدَّلة التحرُّر (بالإنجليزية: Modified-release dosage) هي آلية لإعطاء الأدوية بحيث تؤدي لتحرُّر المادة الفعالة منها خلال فترة طويلة نسبيَّاً عن طريق تغيير السواغات الحاملة لهذه المادة الفعَّالة، وتعاكس هذه الطريقة مبدأ الجرعة الفورية بشكل كامل. هناك طرق عديدة لإعطاء الجرعات معدَّلة التحرر بحيث تكون مُصمَّمة لتحرير العقار بمعدَّل مُحدَّد سابقاً من أجل الحفاظ على تركيز دوائي ثابت لفترة زمنية طويلة نسبياً مع حد أدنى من التأثيرات الجانبية، ويمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال مجموعة متنوعة من التركيبات والطرق، منها ربط المادة الدوائية بجسيمات شحمية مُعيَّنة أو هلاميات مائية أو غيرها، وبشكل عام يُفضَّل استخدام مصطلح التحرُّر المُتحكَّم به أكثر من التحرُّر المُستمر، في كثيرٍ من الأحيان يتمُّ التعامل مع هذه المصطلحات كمترادفات ولكنَّ إدارة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية FDA حدَّدت في الواقع معظم هذه المصطلحات كمفاهيم مختلفة ، حتى أنَّ بعض المُتحدثين يستخدمون مصطلح depot tablet رغم أنَّه غير موجود في أي قواميس إنكليزية وهو عبارة عن ترجمة حرفية من اللغة السويدية وبعض اللغات الأوروبية الأخرى. تهدف طريقة الجرعة المُعدَّلة التحرُّر بشكلٍ عام لتحقيق مستوى ثابت وبطيء من المادة الدوائية الفعالة في مجرى الدم من خلال آليات مُعينة تستخدم في الأقراص والكبسولات الدوائية، على سبيل المثال يمكن للمورفين المُصنَّع بهذه الطريقة أن يُعطى للمرضى الذين يعانون من آلام مزمنة على شكل حبة دوائية مرة أو مرتين فقط في اليوم، وسنلاحظ أنَّ الحبوب الفموية هي أشيع الآليات المُستخدمة لتحقيق طريقة التحرُّر المديد لأنَّها تحافظ على مستويات الدواء ضمن النافذة العلاجيَّة مع تجنُّب الارتفاعات الخطرة في تركيز الدواء وتزيد الكفاءة العلاجية، ومع ذلك يمكن استخدام طرق إعطاء أخرى مع نفس الفعالية تقريباً، كالحقن والمراهم والغرسات وأجهزة أخرى مختلفة. (ar)
  • Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage forms designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. This can be achieved through a variety of formulations, including liposomes and drug-polymer conjugates (an example being hydrogels). Sustained release's definition is more akin to a "controlled release" rather than "sustained". Extended-release dosage consists of either sustained-release (SR) or controlled-release (CR) dosage. SR maintains drug release over a sustained period but not at a constant rate. CR maintains drug release over a sustained period at a nearly constant rate. Sometimes these and are treated as synonyms, but the United States Food and Drug Administration has in fact defined most of these as different concepts. Sometimes the term "depot tablet" is used by non-native speakers, but this is not found in any English dictionaries and is a literal translation of the term used in Swedish and some other languages. Modified-release dosage and its variants are mechanisms used in tablets (pills) and capsules to dissolve a drug over time in order to be released slower and steadier into the bloodstream while having the advantage of being taken at less frequent intervals than immediate-release (IR) formulations of the same drug. For example, extended-release morphine enables people with chronic pain to only take one or two tablets per day. Most commonly it refers to time-dependent release in oral dose formulations. Timed release has several distinct variants such as sustained release where prolonged release is intended, pulse release, delayed release (e.g. to target different regions of the GI tract) etc. A distinction of controlled release is that it not only prolongs action, but it attempts to maintain drug levels within the therapeutic window to avoid potentially hazardous peaks in drug concentration following ingestion or injection and to maximize therapeutic efficiency. In addition to pills, the mechanism can also apply to capsules and injectable drug carriers (that often have an additional release function), forms of controlled release medicines include gels, implants and devices (e.g. the vaginal ring and contraceptive implant) and transdermal patches. Examples for cosmetic, personal care, and food science applications often centre on odour or flavour release. The release technology scientific and industrial community is represented by the Controlled Release Society (CRS). The CRS is the worldwide society for delivery science and technologies. CRS serves more than 1,600 members from more than 50 countries. Two-thirds of CRS membership is represented by industry and one-third represents academia and government. CRS is affiliated with the Journal of Controlled Release and Drug Delivery and Translational Research scientific journals. (en)
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