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Statements

Subject Item

dbr:Synaptic_gating

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Synaptic gating

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Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).

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9916386

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1087532387

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dbr:Thalamus dbr:AMPA_receptor dbr:NMDA_receptor dbr:Shunting_inhibition dbr:Auditory_cortex dbr:Amygdala dbr:Resting_membrane_potential dbr:Mesolimbic_pathway dbr:Action_potential dbr:AND_gate n10:Transistor_BJT.png n10:Gatekeeping.png dbc:Neurophysiology dbr:Depolarization dbr:GABA dbr:Cerebral_cortex dbr:Child_Behavior_Checklist dbr:Electronic_circuit dbr:Excitatory_postsynaptic_potential dbr:ADHD dbr:Ventral_tegmental_area dbr:Gate_control_theory dbr:Threshold_potential dbr:Neuromodulation_(biology) dbr:Synapse dbr:Selective_attention dbr:Positive_reinforcer dbr:Nucleus_accumbens dbr:Prefrontal_cortex dbr:Hyperpolarization_(biology) dbr:Neuron dbr:Medial_prefrontal_cortex dbr:Methylphenidate dbr:Basal_ganglia dbr:Transistor dbr:Summation dbr:Dopamine dbr:Neural_network dbr:Entorhinal_cortex

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Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation). Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.

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