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サムエル・コッキング Samuel Cocking Samuel Cocking Кокинг, Сэмюэль
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Samuel Cocking, né le 19 mars 1845 à Camberwell à Londres et décédé à l'âge de 68 ans le 26 février 1914 à Yokohama au Japon, est un commerçant britannique installé au Japon en 1869, juste après la restauration de Meiji. Il est particulièrement connu pour la grande serre (660 m2) et les jardins qu'il fit bâtir à Enoshima. Il épouse une certaine Miyata en 1872. Samuel Cocking (19 March 1845 in Camberwell London – 26 February 1914 in Yokohama, Japan) was a merchant in Yokohama arriving in 1869, shortly after the “Opening of Japan”. Although he was born in London, he moved with his parents to Australia at a young age and grew up mostly in Melbourne. In Japan he is known for the large greenhouse (660 m2 (7,100 sq ft)) and gardens that he developed in Enoshima that bears his name. However, a lot about his life and achievements are still not common knowledge in Japan. Сэмюэль Кокинг (англ. Samuel Cocking, 19 марта 1845, Лондон, Великобритания — 26 февраля 1914, Иокогама, Япония) — предприниматель британского происхождения, поселившийся в Японии вскоре после её «открытия» для иностранцев. Его фирма занималась экспортом из Японии различных японских «курьёзов» (антиквариата, произведений искусства) и импортом различных «современных» товаров, включая лекарства и реактивы для фотографии. サムエル・コッキング（Samuel Cocking、1845年〈弘化2年〉3月 - 1914年〈大正3年〉2月26日）は、英国出身の横浜外国人居留地に在住した貿易商。
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Samuel Cocking, né le 19 mars 1845 à Camberwell à Londres et décédé à l'âge de 68 ans le 26 février 1914 à Yokohama au Japon, est un commerçant britannique installé au Japon en 1869, juste après la restauration de Meiji. Il est particulièrement connu pour la grande serre (660 m2) et les jardins qu'il fit bâtir à Enoshima. Il épouse une certaine Miyata en 1872. Son entreprise The Cocking Trading Company était spécialisée dans l'art, les antiquités et les plantes rares mais c'est l'importation d'acide carbonique en 1877 qui fit sa fortune. Ce produit était alors utilisé comme désinfectant, en particulier contre le choléra. En 1880, il achète (au nom de sa femme) des hautes terres, où se trouvent des temples bouddhistes abandonnés, sur l'île d'Enoshima et commence la construction d'un jardin botanique et d'une villa. La politique anti-bouddhisme (Haibutsu kishaku) du nouveau gouvernement de Meiji avait rendu ces terres disponibles. En 1887, il y fait installer une centrale électrique (qui sera plus tard à l'origine de la compagnie coopérative d'électricité de Yokohama). Son jardin est aujourd'hui une propriété municipale sous le nom de (en). Сэмюэль Кокинг (англ. Samuel Cocking, 19 марта 1845, Лондон, Великобритания — 26 февраля 1914, Иокогама, Япония) — предприниматель британского происхождения, поселившийся в Японии вскоре после её «открытия» для иностранцев. Его фирма занималась экспортом из Японии различных японских «курьёзов» (антиквариата, произведений искусства) и импортом различных «современных» товаров, включая лекарства и реактивы для фотографии. サムエル・コッキング（Samuel Cocking、1845年〈弘化2年〉3月 - 1914年〈大正3年〉2月26日）は、英国出身の横浜外国人居留地に在住した貿易商。 Samuel Cocking (19 March 1845 in Camberwell London – 26 February 1914 in Yokohama, Japan) was a merchant in Yokohama arriving in 1869, shortly after the “Opening of Japan”. Although he was born in London, he moved with his parents to Australia at a young age and grew up mostly in Melbourne. In Japan he is known for the large greenhouse (660 m2 (7,100 sq ft)) and gardens that he developed in Enoshima that bears his name. However, a lot about his life and achievements are still not common knowledge in Japan. He married Miyata Riki in 1872. Although Cocking and Miyata Riki did not have any children of their own, they adopted Miyata Riki's niece after her mother died at a young age. Cocking is buried in the Miyata family plot in a Buddhist cemetery in Yokohama, which is unusual for foreigners living in Japan at that time. Most foreigners (including Cocking's younger sister Florence who died shortly after joining her brother in Japan) were interred at the well known and well researched foreigners cemetery in Yokohama. His company, “Cocking & Co” specialized in trading Japanese curios, art and antiques as well as importing chemicals, drugs, scientific and laboratory apparatus. He imported carbolic acid (phenol) which was used as a disinfectant, particularly against cholera. It is noted during one cholera outbreak he distributed his stock of carbolic acid free of charge. He exported peppermint oil – refined from peppermint grown in Yamagata prefecture. He is credited for introducing soap, bicycles, the electric lightbulb to Japan. He was also heavily involved in the fledgling photographic industry in Japan, importing photographic materials and chemicals and organizing the first photographic society in Japan. He also helped the foundation of Konishi Honten, a photographic store that would become Konica. In 1880, he purchased (in his wife’s name) the highlands, including derelict Buddhist shrines, on the island of Enoshima and began building the botanical gardens and a villa. The State Shinto 'Abolish the Buddha. Destroy Sakyamuni' policy Haibutsu kishaku (廃仏毀釈) of the new Meiji government had made the land available. It was during the years of anti-Buddhist sentiment in Japan that Cocking was heavily involved in the Japanese curios trade. One famous incident involved Cocking being offered the Kamakura Daibutsu for 'a song'. He refused to buy the Daibutsu – no doubt feeling it had too much cultural importance to Japan and should remain in the country. In 1887, he added a power plant (which was later the origin of the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company). His garden is now operated by the city of Fujisawa as the Samuel Cocking Garden renamed after remains of Cocking's greenhouse were rediscovered during renovation work on the lighthouse and gardens.
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