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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Port_Arthur_massacre_(China)
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
Люйшуньская резня 旅順虐殺事件 Port Arthur massacre (China) Σφαγή του Πορτ Άρθουρ Pembantaian Port Arthur (Tiongkok) 旅順大屠殺 Massacre de Port-Arthur 여순 대학살 Masacre de Port Arthur (China)
rdfs:comment
여순 대학살(Port Arthur Massacre, 중국어: 旅順大屠殺)은 청일 전쟁 중 1894년 11월 21일부터 2~3일간 뤼순을 공략할 때 시내와 근교에서 야마지 모토하루(1841–1897)가 이끄는 일본 제2군 1사단에 의해 청나라군 패잔병을 소탕하는 과정에서 여순 시민을 학살한 사건을 말한다. 일본군은 1,000에서 2만명에 이르는 군인과 민간인을 살해하고, 단 36명만 남기고 시신을 매장하였다. 더 높은 수치의 추측도 가능하지만, 오늘 날의 문헌 조사에서 당시 여순항의 전체 인구는 6,000명으로, 요새의 군인들은 13,000명에 달했다. 이후, 수치는 그 분쟁에 청나라와 교전한 양측에서 수집된 교전 대상 18,000명에서 중국인 사망자는 1,500명에 이른다고 추측되고 있다. 이 사건은 중국에서는 ‘여순대도살’(旅順大屠殺)이라고 하고, 일본에서는 ‘여순학살사건’(旅順虐殺事件)이라고 한다. La masacre de Port Arthur tuvo lugar durante la primera guerra sino-japonesa a partir del 21 de noviembre de 1894 durante dos o tres días, cuando elementos avanzados de la Primera División del Segundo Ejército japonés bajo el mando del general Yamaji Motoharu (1841-1897) mataron a aproximadamente lugar entre 1000 y 20 000 militares y civiles chinos en la ciudad costera china de Port Arthur (hoy en día Lüshunkou). La batalla es notable por su cobertura divergente por parte de periodistas y soldados extranjeros, con informes contemporáneos que apoyan y niegan las narrativas de una masacre por parte del ejército japonés.​ Pembantaian Port Arthur berlangsung selama dua atau tiga hari dari tanggal 21 November 1894 pada masa Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Pertama. Selama peristiwa ini, pasukan-pasukan dari yang berada di bawah komando Jenderal (1841–1897) membunuh sekitar 1.000 hingga 20.000 pasukan dan warga Tiongkok di kota Port Arthur (kini Lüshunkou). Menurut laporan pada masa itu (termasuk beberapa laporan Jepang), jumlah korbannya dapat mencapai 60.000 orang, walaupun beberapa catatan perang dari masa itu juga memperkirakan jumlah penduduk Port Arthur hanya sebesar 13.000 orang (6.000 jika tidak termasuk garnisun). 旅順慘案是一场发生于1894年11月21日甲午战争期間,日本军在大清旅顺的屠杀。此為中國平民繼湘军南京屠城後再一次在战时遭大规模劫殺,下一次是庚子俄难。旅順市區平民二千戶(約6,000-10,000人),可考據市區約2,600-2,700平民被屠杀,而山區的屠殺數字則沒有可靠估計,1948年中共旅大行署区《重修万忠墓碑文》把總屠殺记為2萬人,但這數字包含了戰場被殺或逃亡的清兵。 因为旅順口之戰的挫折,在山地元治師團長的指挥下,第1师團下的聯隊長率領的步兵第2聯隊,連同聯隊長率領的第3大隊等一些部队在旅顺报复性的屠杀。 Η σφαγή του Πορτ Άρθουρ έγινε στα πλαίσια του Α΄ Σινοϊαπωνικού Πολέμου, από τις 21 Νοεμβρίου 1894 για δύο ή τρεις ημέρες. Κατά τη διάρκειά της μέλη της πρώτης Μεραρχίας της δεύτερης ιαπωνικής στρατιάς υπό τις διαταγές του στρατηγού Γιαμάτζι Μοτοχάρου (Yamaji Motoharu, 1841-1897) σκότωσαν μεταξύ 1.000 και 20.000 Κινέζους στρατιώτες και αμάχους στην παραλιακή πόλη του Πορτ Άρθουρ (πλέον Lüshunkou). Βάσει σύγχρονων απολογισμών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων κάποιωνιΙαπωνικών, υποστηρίζεται ότι οι νεκροί ήταν μέχρι και 60.000, παρόλο που κάποιοι τότε σύγχροιοι υπολογισμοί υπολογίζουν τον συνολικό πληθυσμό του Πορτ Άρθουρ στους 13.000 (6.000 αν εξαιρεθούν τα στρατεύματα της φρουράς). The Port Arthur massacre (Chinese: 旅順大屠殺) took place during the First Sino-Japanese War from 21 November 1894 for three days, when advance elements of the First Division of the Japanese Second Army under the command of General Yamaji Motoharu (1841–1897) killed somewhere between 2,600 civilians and 20,000 including Chinese soldiers in the Chinese coastal city of Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou District of Dalian, Liaoning). Le massacre de Port-Arthur se déroule durant la Première guerre sino-japonaise du 21 novembre au 23 ou 24 novembre 1894 dans la ville portuaire de Lüshunkou (appelée Port-Arthur par les Anglais) en Chine. Des unités d'avant-garde de la 1re division de la 2e armée japonaise, commandée par le général Yamaji Motoharu, assassinent entre 1 000 et 20 000 soldats et civils chinois, ne laissant que 36 survivants pour enterrer les corps. Les plus hautes estimations du nombre de victimes sont suspectes puisqu'une étude contemporaine estime la population de Port-Arthur à 6 000 habitants en 1894, à laquelle il faut ajouter 13 000 soldats de garnison. D'autres études estiment que 18 000 personnes des deux camps furent impliquées dans l'incident et qu'il y eut 1 500 morts chinois. 旅順虐殺事件(りょじゅんぎゃくさつじけん、リュイシュンぎゃくさつじけん)は、1894年(明治27年)11月日清戦争の旅順攻略戦の際、市内及び近郊で日本軍が清国軍敗残兵掃討中に発生したとされる事件で、ピューリツァーのニューヨークワールド紙特派員ジェイムズ・クリールマンなどがセンセーショナルに報道した。 Люйшуньская резня (кит. упр. 旅顺大屠杀) — уничтожение японскими войсками китайского мирного населения в конце ноября 1894 года в Люйшуне во время первой японо-китайской войны.
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dbo:thumbnail
n6:Port_Arthur_Massacre.jpg?width=300
dbp:author
Makio Okabe Thomas Cowan James Creelman
dbp:caption
A Western newspaper's depiction of Japanese soldiers mutilating bodies
dbp:date
1894-11-21
dbp:fatalities
2600
dbp:location
Port Arthur , Qing China
dbp:partof
the First Sino-Japanese War
dbp:perps
1
dbp:source
private letter diary 0001-12-12
dbp:target
Soldiers and civilians
dbp:text
As we entered the town of Port Arthur, we saw the head of a Japanese soldier displayed on a wooden stake. This filled us with rage and a desire to crush any Chinese soldier. Anyone we saw in the town, we killed. The streets were filled with corpses, so many they blocked our way. We killed people in their homes; by and large, there wasn't a single house without from three to six dead. Blood was flowing and the smell was awful. We sent out search parties. We shot some, hacked at others. The Chinese troops just dropped their arms and fled. Firing and slashing, it was unbounded joy. At this time, our artillery troops were at the rear, giving three cheers [[[Ten thousand years|banzai]]] for the emperor. The Japanese troops entered Port Arthur on Nov. 21 and massacred practically the entire population in cold blood. ... The defenseless and unarmed inhabitants were butchered in their houses and their bodies were unspeakably mutilated. There was an unrestrained reign of murder which continued for three days. The whole town was plundered with appalling atrocities. ... It was the first stain upon Japanese civilization. The Japanese in this instance relapsed into barbarism. Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday were spent by the soldiery in murder and pillage from dawn to dark, in mutilation, in every conceivable kind of nameless atrocity, until the town became a ghastly Inferno to be remembered with a fearsome shudder until one's dying day. I saw corpses of women and children, three or four in the streets, more in the water ... Bodies of men strewed the streets in hundreds, perhaps thousands, for we could not count – some with not a limb unsevered, some with heads hacked, cross-cut, and split lengthwise, some ripped open, not by chance but with careful precision, down and across, disembowelled and dismembered, with occasionally a dagger or bayonet thrust in the private parts. I saw groups of prisoners tied together in a bunch with their hands behind their backs, riddled with bullets for five minutes and then hewn to pieces. I saw a junk stranded on the beach, filled with fugitives of either sex and of all ages, struck by volley after volley until – I can say no more.
dbp:title
Port Arthur massacre
dbp:type
dbr:Massacre
dbo:abstract
旅順虐殺事件(りょじゅんぎゃくさつじけん、リュイシュンぎゃくさつじけん)は、1894年(明治27年)11月日清戦争の旅順攻略戦の際、市内及び近郊で日本軍が清国軍敗残兵掃討中に発生したとされる事件で、ピューリツァーのニューヨークワールド紙特派員ジェイムズ・クリールマンなどがセンセーショナルに報道した。 La masacre de Port Arthur tuvo lugar durante la primera guerra sino-japonesa a partir del 21 de noviembre de 1894 durante dos o tres días, cuando elementos avanzados de la Primera División del Segundo Ejército japonés bajo el mando del general Yamaji Motoharu (1841-1897) mataron a aproximadamente lugar entre 1000 y 20 000 militares y civiles chinos en la ciudad costera china de Port Arthur (hoy en día Lüshunkou). La batalla es notable por su cobertura divergente por parte de periodistas y soldados extranjeros, con informes contemporáneos que apoyan y niegan las narrativas de una masacre por parte del ejército japonés.​ Los informes de una masacre fueron publicados por primera vez por el periodista canadiense James Creelman del New York World, cuyo relato se difundió ampliamente en los Estados Unidos. En 1894, el Departamento de Estado ordenó a su embajador en Japón, , que realizara una investigación independiente de los informes de Creelman. Después de entrevistar a varios testigos extranjeros, incluidos oficiales militares estadounidenses y franceses, Dun concluyó que Creelman había exagerado gran parte de su relato.​ Los métodos de periodismo sensacionalista de Creelman fueron empleados más tarde por la prensa estadounidense durante su cobertura de la guerra hispanoestadounidense, lo que marcó la base de la práctica de la prensa amarilla.​ 여순 대학살(Port Arthur Massacre, 중국어: 旅順大屠殺)은 청일 전쟁 중 1894년 11월 21일부터 2~3일간 뤼순을 공략할 때 시내와 근교에서 야마지 모토하루(1841–1897)가 이끄는 일본 제2군 1사단에 의해 청나라군 패잔병을 소탕하는 과정에서 여순 시민을 학살한 사건을 말한다. 일본군은 1,000에서 2만명에 이르는 군인과 민간인을 살해하고, 단 36명만 남기고 시신을 매장하였다. 더 높은 수치의 추측도 가능하지만, 오늘 날의 문헌 조사에서 당시 여순항의 전체 인구는 6,000명으로, 요새의 군인들은 13,000명에 달했다. 이후, 수치는 그 분쟁에 청나라와 교전한 양측에서 수집된 교전 대상 18,000명에서 중국인 사망자는 1,500명에 이른다고 추측되고 있다. 이 사건은 중국에서는 ‘여순대도살’(旅順大屠殺)이라고 하고, 일본에서는 ‘여순학살사건’(旅順虐殺事件)이라고 한다. Η σφαγή του Πορτ Άρθουρ έγινε στα πλαίσια του Α΄ Σινοϊαπωνικού Πολέμου, από τις 21 Νοεμβρίου 1894 για δύο ή τρεις ημέρες. Κατά τη διάρκειά της μέλη της πρώτης Μεραρχίας της δεύτερης ιαπωνικής στρατιάς υπό τις διαταγές του στρατηγού Γιαμάτζι Μοτοχάρου (Yamaji Motoharu, 1841-1897) σκότωσαν μεταξύ 1.000 και 20.000 Κινέζους στρατιώτες και αμάχους στην παραλιακή πόλη του Πορτ Άρθουρ (πλέον Lüshunkou). Βάσει σύγχρονων απολογισμών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων κάποιωνιΙαπωνικών, υποστηρίζεται ότι οι νεκροί ήταν μέχρι και 60.000, παρόλο που κάποιοι τότε σύγχροιοι υπολογισμοί υπολογίζουν τον συνολικό πληθυσμό του Πορτ Άρθουρ στους 13.000 (6.000 αν εξαιρεθούν τα στρατεύματα της φρουράς). 旅順慘案是一场发生于1894年11月21日甲午战争期間,日本军在大清旅顺的屠杀。此為中國平民繼湘军南京屠城後再一次在战时遭大规模劫殺,下一次是庚子俄难。旅順市區平民二千戶(約6,000-10,000人),可考據市區約2,600-2,700平民被屠杀,而山區的屠殺數字則沒有可靠估計,1948年中共旅大行署区《重修万忠墓碑文》把總屠殺记為2萬人,但這數字包含了戰場被殺或逃亡的清兵。 因为旅順口之戰的挫折,在山地元治師團長的指挥下,第1师團下的聯隊長率領的步兵第2聯隊,連同聯隊長率領的第3大隊等一些部队在旅顺报复性的屠杀。 Le massacre de Port-Arthur se déroule durant la Première guerre sino-japonaise du 21 novembre au 23 ou 24 novembre 1894 dans la ville portuaire de Lüshunkou (appelée Port-Arthur par les Anglais) en Chine. Des unités d'avant-garde de la 1re division de la 2e armée japonaise, commandée par le général Yamaji Motoharu, assassinent entre 1 000 et 20 000 soldats et civils chinois, ne laissant que 36 survivants pour enterrer les corps. Les plus hautes estimations du nombre de victimes sont suspectes puisqu'une étude contemporaine estime la population de Port-Arthur à 6 000 habitants en 1894, à laquelle il faut ajouter 13 000 soldats de garnison. D'autres études estiment que 18 000 personnes des deux camps furent impliquées dans l'incident et qu'il y eut 1 500 morts chinois. The Port Arthur massacre (Chinese: 旅順大屠殺) took place during the First Sino-Japanese War from 21 November 1894 for three days, when advance elements of the First Division of the Japanese Second Army under the command of General Yamaji Motoharu (1841–1897) killed somewhere between 2,600 civilians and 20,000 including Chinese soldiers in the Chinese coastal city of Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou District of Dalian, Liaoning). Reports of a massacre were first published by Canadian journalist James Creelman of the New York World, whose account was widely circulated within the United States. In 1894, the State Department ordered its ambassador to Japan, Edwin Dun, to conduct an independent investigation of Creelman's reports. Pembantaian Port Arthur berlangsung selama dua atau tiga hari dari tanggal 21 November 1894 pada masa Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Pertama. Selama peristiwa ini, pasukan-pasukan dari yang berada di bawah komando Jenderal (1841–1897) membunuh sekitar 1.000 hingga 20.000 pasukan dan warga Tiongkok di kota Port Arthur (kini Lüshunkou). Menurut laporan pada masa itu (termasuk beberapa laporan Jepang), jumlah korbannya dapat mencapai 60.000 orang, walaupun beberapa catatan perang dari masa itu juga memperkirakan jumlah penduduk Port Arthur hanya sebesar 13.000 orang (6.000 jika tidak termasuk garnisun). Laporan mengenai terjadinya pembantaian ini telah merusak citra Jepang di dunia internasional dan mengancam proses perundingan untuk mengakhiri perjanjian tidak adil dengan Amerika Serikat yang terpaksa ditandatangani oleh Jepang pada tahun 1850-an. Люйшуньская резня (кит. упр. 旅顺大屠杀) — уничтожение японскими войсками китайского мирного населения в конце ноября 1894 года в Люйшуне во время первой японо-китайской войны.
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