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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Free_choice_inference
rdfs:label
Free choice inference
rdfs:comment
Free choice is a phenomenon in natural language where a linguistic disjunction appears to receive a logical conjunctive interpretation when it interacts with a modal operator. For example, the following English sentences can be interpreted to mean that the addressee can watch a movie AND that they can also play video games, depending on their preference: 1. * You can watch a movie OR play video games. 2. * You can watch a movie OR you can play video games. 1. * Free Choice Principle:
dcterms:subject
dbc:Mathematical_logic dbc:Philosophical_logic dbc:Semantics dbc:Rules_of_inference dbc:Modal_logic dbc:Formal_semantics_(natural_language) dbc:Logic
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66382863
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1077122639
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Inquisitive_semantics dbr:Classical_logic dbr:Alternative_semantics dbc:Philosophical_logic dbc:Mathematical_logic dbr:Imperative_mood dbr:Philosophical_logic dbr:Modal_logic dbr:Deontic_logic dbr:Deontic_modality dbc:Semantics dbr:Sluicing dbc:Formal_semantics_(natural_language) dbc:Rules_of_inference dbr:Ross's_paradox dbr:Formal_semantics_(natural_language) dbr:Natural_class dbr:Conditional_sentence dbc:Logic dbr:Indefinite_article dbc:Modal_logic dbr:Linguistic_modality dbr:Simplification_of_disjunctive_antecedents dbr:Linear_logic dbr:Disjunction dbr:Validity_(logic) dbr:Dynamic_semantics dbr:Logical_conjunction dbr:Scalar_implicature dbr:Hans_Kamp
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dbo:abstract
Free choice is a phenomenon in natural language where a linguistic disjunction appears to receive a logical conjunctive interpretation when it interacts with a modal operator. For example, the following English sentences can be interpreted to mean that the addressee can watch a movie AND that they can also play video games, depending on their preference: 1. * You can watch a movie OR play video games. 2. * You can watch a movie OR you can play video games. Free choice inferences are a major topic of research in formal semantics and philosophical logic because they are not valid in classical systems of modal logic. If they were valid, then the semantics of natural language would validate the Free Choice Principle. 1. * Free Choice Principle: This symbolic logic formula above is not valid in classical modal logic: Adding this principle as an axiom to standard modal logics would allow one to conclude from , for any and . This observation is known as the Paradox of Free Choice. To resolve this paradox, some researchers have proposed analyses of free choice within nonclassical frameworks such as dynamic semantics, linear logic, alternative semantics, and inquisitive semantics. Others have proposed ways of deriving free choice inferences as scalar implicatures which arise on the basis of classical lexical entries for disjunction and modality. Free choice inferences are most widely studied for deontic modals, but also arise with other flavors of modality as well as imperatives, conditionals, and other kinds of operators. Indefinite noun phrases give rise to a similar inference which is also referred to as "free choice" though researchers disagree as to whether it forms a natural class with disjunctive free choice.
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