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- Chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the C chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin. Chemokines are known for their function in inflammatory and immunological responses. This family C chemokines differs in structure and function from most chemokines. There are only two chemokines in this family and what separated them from other chemokines is that they only have two cysteines; one N-terminal cysteine and one cysteine downstream. These both are called Lymphotactin, alpha and beta form, and claim special characteristics only found between the two. Lymphotactins can go through a reversible conformational change which changes its binding shifts. In normal tissues, XCL1 is found in high levels in spleen, thymus, small intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes, and at lower levels in lung, prostate gland and ovary. Secretion of XCL1 is responsible for the increase of intracellular calcium in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cellular sources for XCL1 include activated thymic and peripheral blood CD8+ T cells. NK cells also secrete XCL1 along with other chemokines early in infections. XCR1 expressing dendritic cells (DC) are a major target of XCL1. In humans, XCL1 is closely related to another chemokine called XCL2, whose gene is found at the same locus on chromosome 1. Both of these chemokines share many genetic and functional similarities; however XCL2 has only been known to be observed in humans and not in mice. XCL1 induces it chemotactic function by binding to a chemokine receptor called XCR1. XCL1 is expressed on macrophages, fibroblasts, and specific lymphocytes. LTN, is found in two states: a monomer at 10 °C, LTN10, and a dimer at 40 °C, LTN40. (en)
- XCL1 (англ. X-C motif chemokine ligand 1) – білок, який кодується однойменним геном, розташованим у людей на короткому плечі 1-ї хромосоми. Довжина поліпептидного ланцюга білка становить 114 амінокислот, а молекулярна маса — 12 517. Послідовність амінокислот A: АланінC: ЦистеїнD: Аспарагінова кислотаE: Глутамінова кислотаF: ФенілаланінG: ГліцинI: ІзолейцинK: ЛізинL: ЛейцинM: МетіонінN: АспарагінP: ПролінQ: ГлутамінR: АргінінS: СеринT: ТреонінV: ВалінW: Триптофан Y: Тирозин Кодований геном білок за функцією належить до цитокінів. Задіяний у такому біологічному процесі як хемотаксис. Секретований назовні. (uk)
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