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- civilization that flourished between 6th century BC to the 16th century AD in the area of modern Cameroon and Chad (en)
- ancienne population d'Afrique centrale (fr)
- حضارة في وسط أفريقيا (ar)
- kultura, ki je cvetela med 6. stoletjem pr. n. št. in 16. stoletjem n. št. na območju današnjega Kameruna in Čada (sl)
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- 18 (xsd:integer)
- 19 (xsd:integer)
- 237 (xsd:integer)
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- 1989 (xsd:integer)
- 2000 (xsd:integer)
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- Walker (en)
- Trillo (en)
- Hudgens (en)
- Insoll (en)
- Lebeuf (en)
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- 281 (xsd:integer)
- 1051 (xsd:integer)
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- 1969 (xsd:integer)
- 1999 (xsd:integer)
- 2003 (xsd:integer)
- 2011 (xsd:integer)
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- Peoples and Empires of West Africa (en)
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- The So people possessed considerable political and artistic genius. Although they never combined effectively to form an empire, they developed city-states which were the centres of intense local patriotism... Each city was surrounded by strong defensive walls and dominated the life of the surrounding countryside which it both protected and governed. Government was by an elaborate hierarchy, headed by a divine ruler... Except on ceremonial occasions, the rulers made few public appearances and even then remained concealed from the common gaze by a screen. Women occupied a respected position in society and the Queen Mother and senior sister of the ruler exercised considerable political influence on the government of the states. The So people were mainly settled farmers but among them were craftsmen of considerable industrial and artistic merit. They were able to work in both clay and metals to manufacture household utensils, tools, and works of art for religious purposes. Impressive objects found by archaeologists include burial urns and... figures of animals and human beings both in clay and bronze. All this had been achieved... before about A. D. 700... The vigour of the government and civilization is best demonstrated by their long resistance to the empires of Kanem and Bornu and the fact that many cultural characteristics of the Kanuri [were later] adopted from the So. (en)
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- Sao civilisation (en)
- حضارة ساو (ar)
- Civilització Sao (ca)
- Civilización sao (es)
- Sao-Kultur (de)
- Sao (civilisation) (fr)
- Sao (cywilizacja) (pl)
- Civilização saô (pt)
- Сао (культура) (ru)
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