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- Las ceras microcristalinas son un tipo de ceras producido por el desengrase del petróleo, como parte del proceso de refinamiento del petróleo. En contraste con la cera de parafina, que contiene sobre todo alcanos no ramificados, la cera microcristalina contiene un porcentaje más alto de hidrocarburos (ramificados) isoparafínicos y de hidrocarburos nafténicos. Está caracterizada por la fineza de sus cristales, en contraste con el cristal más grande de la cera de parafina. Consiste en los hidrocarburos alifáticos saturados de peso molecular elevado. Es generalmente más oscura, más viscosa, más densa, más pegajosa y más elástica que las ceras de parafina, y tiene un peso molecular y un punto de fusión más altos. (es)
- Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process. In contrast to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains mostly unbranched alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocarbons. It is characterized by the fineness of its crystals in contrast to the larger crystal of paraffin wax. It consists of high molecular weight saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is generally darker, more viscous, denser, tackier and more elastic than paraffin waxes, and has a higher molecular weight and melting point. The elastic and adhesive characteristics of microcrystalline waxes are related to the non-straight chain components which they contain. Typical microcrystalline wax crystal structure is small and thin, making them more flexible than paraffin wax. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Microcrystalline waxes when produced by wax refiners are typically produced to meet a number of ASTM specifications. These include congeal point (ASTM D938), needle penetration (ASTM D1321), color (ASTM D6045), and viscosity (ASTM D445). Microcrystalline waxes can generally be put into two categories: "laminating" grades and "hardening" grades. The laminating grades typically have a melting point of 140–175 F (60 – 80 °C) and needle penetration of 25 or above. The hardening grades will range from about 175–200 F (80 – 93 °C), and have a needle penetration of 25 or below. Color in both grades can range from brown to white, depending on the degree of processing done at the refinery level. Microcrystalline waxes are derived from the refining of the heavy distillates from lubricant oil production. This by-product must then be de-oiled at a wax refinery. Depending on the end use and desired specification, the product may then have its odor removed and color removed (which typically starts as a brown or dark yellow). This is usually done by means of a filtration method or by hydro-treating the wax material. (en)
- Le cere microcristalline costituiscono un particolare tipo di cere ottenute dal petrolato. Contengono nella loro composizione un'elevata percentuale di alcani ramificati e cicloalcani, a differenza delle , le quali invece contengono un'elevata percentuale di alcani lineari. Un'altra differenza peculiare rispetto alle cere paraffiniche è la dimensione dei cristalli, che sono di dimensione ridotta nel caso della cera microcristallina (da cui il nome). Inoltre presenta un colore più scuro, maggiore viscosità, temperatura di fusione più elevata e catene idrocarburiche aventi maggiore peso molecolare (C41-C50). (it)
- 微晶蠟是熔點約在攝氏75度以上之石蠟，含碳量於40 - 80之間，分子量約在500 - 800左右，含異構碳氫化合物量高達50-80%時，會形成微細晶體稱為微晶蠟。與一般石蠟比較，具有較高之熔點與較佳之韌性。 (zh)
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- Le cere microcristalline costituiscono un particolare tipo di cere ottenute dal petrolato. Contengono nella loro composizione un'elevata percentuale di alcani ramificati e cicloalcani, a differenza delle , le quali invece contengono un'elevata percentuale di alcani lineari. Un'altra differenza peculiare rispetto alle cere paraffiniche è la dimensione dei cristalli, che sono di dimensione ridotta nel caso della cera microcristallina (da cui il nome). Inoltre presenta un colore più scuro, maggiore viscosità, temperatura di fusione più elevata e catene idrocarburiche aventi maggiore peso molecolare (C41-C50). (it)
- 微晶蠟是熔點約在攝氏75度以上之石蠟，含碳量於40 - 80之間，分子量約在500 - 800左右，含異構碳氫化合物量高達50-80%時，會形成微細晶體稱為微晶蠟。與一般石蠟比較，具有較高之熔點與較佳之韌性。 (zh)
- Las ceras microcristalinas son un tipo de ceras producido por el desengrase del petróleo, como parte del proceso de refinamiento del petróleo. En contraste con la cera de parafina, que contiene sobre todo alcanos no ramificados, la cera microcristalina contiene un porcentaje más alto de hidrocarburos (ramificados) isoparafínicos y de hidrocarburos nafténicos. Está caracterizada por la fineza de sus cristales, en contraste con el cristal más grande de la cera de parafina. (es)
- Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process. In contrast to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains mostly unbranched alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocarbons. It is characterized by the fineness of its crystals in contrast to the larger crystal of paraffin wax. It consists of high molecular weight saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is generally darker, more viscous, denser, tackier and more elastic than paraffin waxes, and has a higher molecular weight and melting point. The elastic and adhesive characteristics of microcrystalline waxes are related to the non-straight chain components which they contain. Typical microcrysta (en)
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- Cera microcristalina (es)
- Cera microcristallina (it)
- Microcrystalline wax (en)
- 微晶蠟 (zh)
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