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The Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline (also known as the Iraq–Haifa pipeline or Mediterranean pipeline) was a crude oil pipeline from the oil fields in Kirkuk, located in the former Ottoman vilayet of Mosul in northern Iraq, through Transjordan to Haifa in mandatory Palestine (now in the territory of Israel). The pipeline was operational between 1935 and 1948. Its length was about 942 kilometres (585 mi), with a diameter of 12 inches (300 mm) (reducing to 10 and 8 inches (250 and 200 mm) in parts), and it took about 10 days for crude oil to travel the full length of the line. The oil arriving in Haifa was distilled in the Haifa refineries, stored in tanks, and then put in tankers for shipment to Europe.

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  • خط انبوب نفط الموصل - حيفا هو خط سابق لنقل النفط الخام المُستخرج من حقول كركوك الواقعة شمال العراق إلى مدينة حيفا الفلسطينية (الآن في إسرائيل)، مرورا بالأراضي الأردنية. يبلغ قطر هذا الأنبوب 305 ملم ويمتد مسافة مقدارها 942 كم إلى أن ينتهي في ميناء حيفا لتصدير النفط إلى باقي العالم. شيدته عام 1932م شركة نفط العراق أثناء الانتداب البريطاني على هذه البلدان، وقد استغرق العمل في انشاءه 3 أعوام. توقف الأنبوب عن العمل نهائيا عام 1948، بعد أن أوقفت الحكومة العراقية ضخ النفط عبره بسبب حرب 1948 وتأسيس دولة إسرائيل على أرض فلسطين، حيث كان الجيش العراقي أحد الأطراف المحاربة ضد الدولة العبرية الوليدة آنذاك. بعد احتلال العراق عام 2003، بدأ بعض المسؤولين الإسرائيليين بالتحدث حول إعادة العمل بهذا الخط بعد توقفه لمدة 55 عام. وأن الاستعدادات لمثل هذا التطور جارية. كما أكدت مصادر سياسية إسرائيلية انه مع تقدم القوات الأميركية والبريطانية داخل العراق، أجرت أوساط عربية حكومية مع ديوان رئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي ارييل شارون اتصالات بهدف استئناف تشغيل انبوب النفط إلى حيفا. كمال قال وزير البنى التحتية الإسرائيلي باريتسكي ان تشغيل انبوب النفط بين الموصل وحيفا قد يخفض اسعار الوقود بنحو 25%. وكان مصدر في وزارة البنى التحتية الإسرائيلية قد أعلن في شهر أبريل (نيسان) 2005 ان إسرائيل كانت تجري محادثات مع المسؤولين الأردنيين من اجل إعادة تشغيل الانبوب، الا ان السلطات الأردنية نفت ذلك في حينها. (ar)
  • Ropovod Mosul–Haifa byl ropovod pro transport ropy z ropných polí v severoiráckém Kirkúku přes Jordánsko do severoizraelské Haify, který byl v provozu v letech 1935 až 1948. Ropovod byl dlouhý 942 kilometrů, jeho průměr byl 8 palců a trvalo deset dnů, než byla ropa přepravena z jednoho konce do druhého. V Haifě byla ropa následně zpracovaná v místních rafinériích, uložena do tanků, které byly naloženy do tankerů a přepraveny do Evropy. Ropovod byl vybudován v roce 1935 v době, kdy byla většina území Blízkého východu pod britskou správou. Ve stejné době byl paralelně budován ropovod vedoucí z Kirkúku do Tripolisu v Libanonu. Jak ropovod, tak haifské rafinerie byly vybudovány Brity v přípravě na očekávanou válku a během druhé světové války nakonec skutečně poskytly britské a americké armádě ve Středozemí potřebné palivo. Ropovod byl častým cílem útoků arabských gangů během arabského povstání a jeho ochranu měly na starost společné britsko-židovské , vedené kapitánem Orde Wingatem. Později byl ropovod cílem útoků Irgunu. V roce 1948 byl provoz ropovodu ukončen po vypuknutí izraelské války za nezávislost, kdy Irák přerušil dodávky ropy. (cs)
  • The Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline (also known as the Iraq–Haifa pipeline or Mediterranean pipeline) was a crude oil pipeline from the oil fields in Kirkuk, located in the former Ottoman vilayet of Mosul in northern Iraq, through Transjordan to Haifa in mandatory Palestine (now in the territory of Israel). The pipeline was operational between 1935 and 1948. Its length was about 942 kilometres (585 mi), with a diameter of 12 inches (300 mm) (reducing to 10 and 8 inches (250 and 200 mm) in parts), and it took about 10 days for crude oil to travel the full length of the line. The oil arriving in Haifa was distilled in the Haifa refineries, stored in tanks, and then put in tankers for shipment to Europe. The pipeline was built by the Iraq Petroleum Company between 1932 and 1934, during which period most of the area through which the pipeline passed was under a British mandate approved by the League of Nations. The pipeline was one of two carrying oil from the Baba Gurgur, Kirkuk oilfield to the Mediterranean coast. The double pipeline split at Haditha (Pumping Station K3) with a second line carrying oil to Tripoli, Lebanon, which was then under a French mandate. That line was built primarily to satisfy the demands of the French partner in IPC, Compagnie Française des Pétroles, for a separate line to be built across French mandated territory. The pipeline and the Haifa refineries were considered strategically important by the British Government, and indeed provided much of the fuel needs of the British and American forces in the Mediterranean during World War II. The pipeline was a target of attacks by Arab gangs during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, and as a result one of the main objectives of a joint British-Jewish Special Night Squads commanded by Captain Orde Wingate was to protect the pipeline against such attacks. Later on, the pipeline was the target of attacks by the Jewish Irgun paramilitary organisation. In 1948, with the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the official operation of the pipeline ended when the Iraqi Government refused to pump any more oil through it. (en)
  • L’oléoduc de Mossoul à Haïfa (également connu comme « pipeline de la Méditerranée ») était un oléoduc transportant le pétrole brut des champs pétroliers de Kirkouk, dans le nord de l’Irak, au port de Haïfa, aujourd’hui en Israël. Construit par les Britanniques, il traversait les territoires du royaume d’Irak, de l'émirat de Transjordanie (aujourd’hui Jordanie) et de la Palestine mandataire. Il a fonctionné de 1935 à 1948. (fr)
  • L'oleodotto Kirkuk-Haifa (noto anche come oleodotto Iraq-Haifa o oleodotto del Mediterraneo) era un oleodotto che collegava i giacimenti petroliferi di Kirkuk, situato nell'ex vilayet ottomano di Mosul nel nord dell'Iraq, attraverso la Transgiordania fino ad Haifa nella mandato di Palestina (oggi nel territorio di Israele). Il gasdotto è stato operativo tra il 1935 e il 1948. La sua lunghezza era di circa 942 chilometri (585 mi), con un diametro di 12 pollici (300 mm) (ridotto a 10 e 8 pollici (250 e 200 mm) in varie parti), e con una durata di circa 10 giorni di percorso del petrolio per l'intera lunghezza della linea. Il petrolio che arrivava ad Haifa veniva lavorato nelle raffinerie di Haifa, immagazzinato in serbatoi, e poi messo in autocisterne per essere spedito in Europa. L'oleodotto fu costruito dalla Iraq Petroleum Company tra il 1932 e il 1934, durante il quale la gran parte dell'area dove passava l'oleodotto era sotto il mandato britannico della Società delle Nazioni. L'oleodotto era uno dei due che trasportavano petrolio da Baba Gurgur, giacimento petrolifero di Kirkuk, alla costa mediterranea. Il doppio oleodotto si divideva ad Haditha (Stazione di pompaggio K3) con una seconda linea che trasportava petrolio a Tripoli, in Libano, che allora era sotto mandato francese. Quella linea è stata costruita principalmente per soddisfare le richieste del partner francese di IPC, la Compagnie Française des Pétroles, per la costruzione di una linea separata attraverso il territorio francese. L'oleodotto e le raffinerie di Haifa erano considerati strategicamente importanti dal governo britannico e in effetti fornirono gran parte del fabbisogno di carburante delle forze britanniche e americane nel Mediterraneo durante la seconda guerra mondiale. L'oleodotto fu il bersaglio di attacchi da parte di bande arabe durante la rivolta araba del 1936-1939 in Palestina e, di conseguenza, uno degli obiettivi principali di una squadra speciale britannica-ebraica comandata dal capitano Orde Wingate era quello di proteggere l'oleodotto da tali attacchi. In seguito, l'oleodotto fu oggetto di attacchi da parte dell'organizzazione paramilitare ebraica dell'Irgun. Nel 1948, con lo scoppio della guerra arabo-israeliana del 1948, l'operazione ufficiale dell'oleodotto terminò quando il governo iracheno si rifiutò di pompare altro petrolio attraverso di esso. (it)
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  • L’oléoduc de Mossoul à Haïfa (également connu comme « pipeline de la Méditerranée ») était un oléoduc transportant le pétrole brut des champs pétroliers de Kirkouk, dans le nord de l’Irak, au port de Haïfa, aujourd’hui en Israël. Construit par les Britanniques, il traversait les territoires du royaume d’Irak, de l'émirat de Transjordanie (aujourd’hui Jordanie) et de la Palestine mandataire. Il a fonctionné de 1935 à 1948. (fr)
  • خط انبوب نفط الموصل - حيفا هو خط سابق لنقل النفط الخام المُستخرج من حقول كركوك الواقعة شمال العراق إلى مدينة حيفا الفلسطينية (الآن في إسرائيل)، مرورا بالأراضي الأردنية. يبلغ قطر هذا الأنبوب 305 ملم ويمتد مسافة مقدارها 942 كم إلى أن ينتهي في ميناء حيفا لتصدير النفط إلى باقي العالم. شيدته عام 1932م شركة نفط العراق أثناء الانتداب البريطاني على هذه البلدان، وقد استغرق العمل في انشاءه 3 أعوام. توقف الأنبوب عن العمل نهائيا عام 1948، بعد أن أوقفت الحكومة العراقية ضخ النفط عبره بسبب حرب 1948 وتأسيس دولة إسرائيل على أرض فلسطين، حيث كان الجيش العراقي أحد الأطراف المحاربة ضد الدولة العبرية الوليدة آنذاك. (ar)
  • Ropovod Mosul–Haifa byl ropovod pro transport ropy z ropných polí v severoiráckém Kirkúku přes Jordánsko do severoizraelské Haify, který byl v provozu v letech 1935 až 1948. Ropovod byl dlouhý 942 kilometrů, jeho průměr byl 8 palců a trvalo deset dnů, než byla ropa přepravena z jednoho konce do druhého. V Haifě byla ropa následně zpracovaná v místních rafinériích, uložena do tanků, které byly naloženy do tankerů a přepraveny do Evropy. V roce 1948 byl provoz ropovodu ukončen po vypuknutí izraelské války za nezávislost, kdy Irák přerušil dodávky ropy. (cs)
  • The Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline (also known as the Iraq–Haifa pipeline or Mediterranean pipeline) was a crude oil pipeline from the oil fields in Kirkuk, located in the former Ottoman vilayet of Mosul in northern Iraq, through Transjordan to Haifa in mandatory Palestine (now in the territory of Israel). The pipeline was operational between 1935 and 1948. Its length was about 942 kilometres (585 mi), with a diameter of 12 inches (300 mm) (reducing to 10 and 8 inches (250 and 200 mm) in parts), and it took about 10 days for crude oil to travel the full length of the line. The oil arriving in Haifa was distilled in the Haifa refineries, stored in tanks, and then put in tankers for shipment to Europe. (en)
  • L'oleodotto Kirkuk-Haifa (noto anche come oleodotto Iraq-Haifa o oleodotto del Mediterraneo) era un oleodotto che collegava i giacimenti petroliferi di Kirkuk, situato nell'ex vilayet ottomano di Mosul nel nord dell'Iraq, attraverso la Transgiordania fino ad Haifa nella mandato di Palestina (oggi nel territorio di Israele). Il gasdotto è stato operativo tra il 1935 e il 1948. La sua lunghezza era di circa 942 chilometri (585 mi), con un diametro di 12 pollici (300 mm) (ridotto a 10 e 8 pollici (250 e 200 mm) in varie parti), e con una durata di circa 10 giorni di percorso del petrolio per l'intera lunghezza della linea. Il petrolio che arrivava ad Haifa veniva lavorato nelle raffinerie di Haifa, immagazzinato in serbatoi, e poi messo in autocisterne per essere spedito in Europa. (it)
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  • خط أنابيب الموصل-حيفا (ar)
  • Ropovod Mosul–Haifa (cs)
  • Oleodotto Kirkuk-Haifa (it)
  • Oléoduc de Mossoul à Haïfa (fr)
  • Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline (en)
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