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- The Crommesteven or cromsteven, often as crompster, cromster or crumster (from crom = bent, concave; steven = stem) was a type of small warship used by the Dutch Republic and later by the British fleets during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It was designed for work inshore on the shoal Netherlands coast and was a ketch, spritsail rigged on the main, and lateen on the small mizzen. As a class of vessel, it was represented in England by the hoy. When queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, her navy was reported to consist of 31 great ships, including galleons and crompsters, though crommestevens were considerably smaller than galleons. For its size, it was heavily armed and capable of influencing events ashore, in which respect it played a part in the Spanish Armada campaign of 1588. (en)
- Un crommesteven, également écrit cromsteve, cromster ou crumster (de crom = courbé et steven = tige) est un type de petit navire de guerre gréé en ketch, utilisé par la République néerlandaise, puis dans les flottes britannique et espagnole entre le XVIe et le XVIIe siècle. (fr)
- 荷蘭曲艏船，是一种尼德兰人使用的小型帆船，后来英国舰队在16世纪、17世纪也广泛使用。它被设计为適用於尼德兰海岸和近海浅滩的双桅纵帆船，以斜杠帆操纵为主，具有大三角帆和小后桅。当英國伊丽莎白一世女王在1603年去世时，她的海军有31艘大型帆船，其中就有加利恩帆船和荷兰曲艏船。 荷兰曲艏船比起加利恩帆船，尺寸相当小，但它具有相當好的灵活性，武器装備有利於对海岸防衛的攻击，使得它成为1588年与西班牙无敌舰队作战舰艇中的一部分。 (zh)
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- 1546 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Un crommesteven, également écrit cromsteve, cromster ou crumster (de crom = courbé et steven = tige) est un type de petit navire de guerre gréé en ketch, utilisé par la République néerlandaise, puis dans les flottes britannique et espagnole entre le XVIe et le XVIIe siècle. (fr)
- 荷蘭曲艏船，是一种尼德兰人使用的小型帆船，后来英国舰队在16世纪、17世纪也广泛使用。它被设计为適用於尼德兰海岸和近海浅滩的双桅纵帆船，以斜杠帆操纵为主，具有大三角帆和小后桅。当英國伊丽莎白一世女王在1603年去世时，她的海军有31艘大型帆船，其中就有加利恩帆船和荷兰曲艏船。 荷兰曲艏船比起加利恩帆船，尺寸相当小，但它具有相當好的灵活性，武器装備有利於对海岸防衛的攻击，使得它成为1588年与西班牙无敌舰队作战舰艇中的一部分。 (zh)
- The Crommesteven or cromsteven, often as crompster, cromster or crumster (from crom = bent, concave; steven = stem) was a type of small warship used by the Dutch Republic and later by the British fleets during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It was designed for work inshore on the shoal Netherlands coast and was a ketch, spritsail rigged on the main, and lateen on the small mizzen. As a class of vessel, it was represented in England by the hoy. When queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, her navy was reported to consist of 31 great ships, including galleons and crompsters, though crommestevens were considerably smaller than galleons. (en)
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- Crommesteven (en)
- Crommesteven (fr)
- 荷蘭曲艏船 (zh)
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