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- Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya (Russian: Александра Львовна Соколовская; 1872 – 29 April 1938) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Leon Trotsky's first wife. She perished in the Great Purges no earlier than 1938. Sokolovskaya's father, Lev Sokolovsky, was a Narodnik, who encouraged his children to side with the revolutionaries. Aleksandra became a Marxist as a student at Odessa University. In 1896, she joined a narodnik group in Nikolaev, Ukraine, organised by a gardener named Franz Shvigovsky, who also recruited the 16 year old Leon Bronstein, who later took the name Trotsky. Sokolovskaya was the only Marxist in the group: all the others were narodniks, including Bronstein, who was "Sokolovskaya's most bitter antagonist" In 1897, Sokolovskaya and her brothers, Ilya and Gregori, founded the South Russian Workers' Union in Nikolayev, which Bronstein also joined. They recruited about 200 workers factory and dock workers, before the organisers were arrested, in January 1898. Having been moved through several prisons, Sokolovskaya and Bronstein were married – against opposition from his parents – by a Jewish chaplain in Moscow prison in 1900. By then, Bronstein had converted to Marxism. They were deported together to Ust-Kut in eastern Siberia. Trotsky later wrote: Alexandra Lvovna had one of the most important positions in the South Russian Workers' Union. Her utter loyalty to socialism and her complete lack of any personal ambition gave her an unquestioned moral authority. The work that we were doing bound us closely together, and so, to avoid being separated, we had married in the transfer prison in Moscow. They had two daughters, Zinaida Volkova (1901–1933) and Nina Nevelson (1902–1928), both of whom predeceased their parents. When Bronstein considered escaping from Siberia (alone, of necessity) in the summer of 1902, despite their younger daughter being only four months old, Sokolovskaya told him "you must", because "duty to the revolution overshadowed everything else for her, personal considerations especially." She remained in exile until the 1905 Revolution, when she was briefly free, but she was deported again after its suppression. Their daughters were mostly raised by David and Anna Bronstein, Trotsky's wealthy parents, in Yanovka, Ukraine. She was finally freed by the February Revolution of 1917, after a period of prison and exile stretching over 19 years, and was able to live in Petrograd with her daughters, who were now in their teens. She was a founder of Komsomol, in Petrograd, and edited the city's Komsomol newspaper for 16 years. She also worked in the People's Commissariat for Education. She raised her two grandchildren after Nina Nevelson died of tuberculosis in June 1928, soon after her husband was deported as a Trotskyist. She was also an active supporter of the Left Opposition. According to the French Trotskyist, Victor Serge she "usually took the chair at our meetings. Plump, her white hair over her kindly face, Alexandra Lvovna Bronstein was the last word in common sense and honesty." Serge claimed that by the beginning of 1928, he and Sokolovskaya were the only known oppositionists in Leningrad still at liberty. In January 1933, her older daughter, Zinaida, who had been allowed to go abroad to join her father, committed suicide. On learning of her death, Sokolovskaya wrote Trotsky a letter reproaching him for his coldness. "All this comes from your character, from the fact that you find it so difficult to show your feelings ... you, her father, could have saved her." She took over care of Zinaida's daughter, but early in 1935 she was arrested, following the assassination of Sergei Kirov. She was last seen in a Kolyma labor camp by Nadezhda Joffe, Adolph Joffe's daughter. She was shot probably on 29 April 1938. According to the historian V. Netrebsky, her death sentence was not carried out and Sokolovskaya lived recursively until the Khrushchev thaw, though few historians agree with this assessment. Aleksandra Sokolovskaya was posthumously rehabilitated on March 7, 1990. (en)
- Alexandra Lwowna Sokolowskaja (russisch Александра Львовна Соколовская; * 1872 in Werchnjodniprowsk; † vermutlich 1938) war eine russische marxistische Revolutionärin. Sie kam im Großen Terror ums Leben. (de)
- Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolóvskaya (en Idioma ruso: Александра Львовна Соколовская, 1872 - c.1938) fue una revolucionaria marxista rusa y la primera esposa de León Trotsky. Murió en un campo de concentración durante las Grandes Purgas, probablemente ejecutada, en 1938. Sokolovskaya fue una revolucionaria marxista en Nicolaiev (Ucrania) en la década de 1890. En 1896, Sokolóvskaya fue una de las fundadoras de un círculo marxista en Nicolaiev; dicho círculo fundó en 1897 la Unión Obrera del Sur de Rusia. Estuvo casada con Trotski entre 1899 y 1902, incluso cuando ambos estuvieron en prisión y en exilio siberiano juntos. Tuvieron dos hijas: Zinaida Volkova (1901-1933) y (1902-1928), ambas fallecieron antes que sus padres. Cuando Trotski consideró escaparse de Siberia (solo, por necesidad) en el verano de 1902, Sokolóvskaya respaldó completamente su plan. Después de que Trotsky conoció a Natalia Sedova, su futura segunda esposa, en París a fines de 1902, su primer matrimonio se desintegró, aunque ambos mantuvieron una relación amistosa hasta el final.[cita requerida] No se sabe mucho sobre la vida de Sokolóvskaya después de 1902. Sus hijas fueron criadas principalmente por David y Anna Bronstein, padres adinerados de Trotski, en (Ucrania). Sokolovskaya crio a su nieta, Aleksandra, de 1932-35 después de que se permitió que la madre de esta, Zinaida Volkova, dejara el país en 1931 y su padre, Zakhar Moglin, fue arrestado en 1932. Según la familia, Sokolóvskaya era educadora y era cercana a la viuda de Lenin, Nadezhda Krupskaya, a principios de la década de 1930. [cita requerida] Sokolovskaya fue arrestada y exiliada en 1935. Fue vista por última vez en un campo de trabajo de Kolyma por , la hija de . (es)
- Alexandra Lvovna Sokolovskaïa (en russe : Александра Львовна Соколовская) était une militante marxiste révolutionnaire russe, née en 1872 et morte vraisemblablement en 1938 lors des Grandes Purges. Elle fut la première femme de Léon Trotski. (fr)
- Aleksandra L'vovna Sokolovskaja (in russo: Александра Львовна Соколовская?; Verchn'odniprovs'k, 1872 – 29 aprile 1938) è stata una politica e rivoluzionaria russa, di origine ucraina.Fu la prima moglie di Lev Trockij. (it)
- Alexandra Lvovna Sokolovskaia (em russo: Александра Львовна Соколовская) foi uma ativista marxista revolucionária russa, nascida em 1872 e que provavelmente foi assassinada em 1938 nos expurgos Stalinistas. Ela foi a primeira esposa de Leon Trotsky entre os anos de 1899-1902 (Robert Service, 2009, pg.41). (pt)
- Алекса́ндра Льво́вна Соколо́вская (1872, Верхнеднепровск, Екатеринославская губерния — 29 апреля 1938, Москва) — русская революционерка-марксистка, жена Льва Троцкого. (ru)
- Олександра Львівна Соколовська (1872, Верхньодніпровськ, Катеринославська губернія — 29 квітня 1938, Москва) — російська революціонерка-марксистка, дружина Льва Троцького. (uk)
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- Alexandra Lwowna Sokolowskaja (russisch Александра Львовна Соколовская; * 1872 in Werchnjodniprowsk; † vermutlich 1938) war eine russische marxistische Revolutionärin. Sie kam im Großen Terror ums Leben. (de)
- Alexandra Lvovna Sokolovskaïa (en russe : Александра Львовна Соколовская) était une militante marxiste révolutionnaire russe, née en 1872 et morte vraisemblablement en 1938 lors des Grandes Purges. Elle fut la première femme de Léon Trotski. (fr)
- Aleksandra L'vovna Sokolovskaja (in russo: Александра Львовна Соколовская?; Verchn'odniprovs'k, 1872 – 29 aprile 1938) è stata una politica e rivoluzionaria russa, di origine ucraina.Fu la prima moglie di Lev Trockij. (it)
- Alexandra Lvovna Sokolovskaia (em russo: Александра Львовна Соколовская) foi uma ativista marxista revolucionária russa, nascida em 1872 e que provavelmente foi assassinada em 1938 nos expurgos Stalinistas. Ela foi a primeira esposa de Leon Trotsky entre os anos de 1899-1902 (Robert Service, 2009, pg.41). (pt)
- Алекса́ндра Льво́вна Соколо́вская (1872, Верхнеднепровск, Екатеринославская губерния — 29 апреля 1938, Москва) — русская революционерка-марксистка, жена Льва Троцкого. (ru)
- Олександра Львівна Соколовська (1872, Верхньодніпровськ, Катеринославська губернія — 29 квітня 1938, Москва) — російська революціонерка-марксистка, дружина Льва Троцького. (uk)
- Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya (Russian: Александра Львовна Соколовская; 1872 – 29 April 1938) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Leon Trotsky's first wife. She perished in the Great Purges no earlier than 1938. Alexandra Lvovna had one of the most important positions in the South Russian Workers' Union. Her utter loyalty to socialism and her complete lack of any personal ambition gave her an unquestioned moral authority. The work that we were doing bound us closely together, and so, to avoid being separated, we had married in the transfer prison in Moscow. (en)
- Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolóvskaya (en Idioma ruso: Александра Львовна Соколовская, 1872 - c.1938) fue una revolucionaria marxista rusa y la primera esposa de León Trotsky. Murió en un campo de concentración durante las Grandes Purgas, probablemente ejecutada, en 1938. Sokolovskaya fue una revolucionaria marxista en Nicolaiev (Ucrania) en la década de 1890. En 1896, Sokolóvskaya fue una de las fundadoras de un círculo marxista en Nicolaiev; dicho círculo fundó en 1897 la Unión Obrera del Sur de Rusia. (es)
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