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The War of the Bands (Basque: Bando gerrak, Spanish: Guerra de los Bandos) was a civil war, really an extended series of blood feuds, in the western Basque Country, Gascony, and Navarre in the Late Middle Ages. The main primary source for the War is Las Bienandanças e fortunas by , written c.1471. The war is named after the aristocratic networks of familial alliances and their armed followings, known as bandos (bands), that carried out constant wars for power and honour across three kingdoms. The wars ceased only with the imposition of royal authority under Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, the Catholic Monarchs.

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  • Guerra de Bàndols (ca)
  • Militoj de partioj (eo)
  • Guerras de bandos (es)
  • Leinu gerrak (eu)
  • Guerres de bandes (fr)
  • Guerre delle bande (it)
  • War of the Bands (en)
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  • Les guerres de bàndols, també conegudes com a lluites de bàndols, són una sèrie d'enfrontaments que es van donar al territori de l'actual País Basc a la darreria de l'edat mitjana. Aquests enfrontaments van tenir com a protagonistes els diferents llinatges de la noblesa rural basca i van cessar només amb la imposició de l'autoritat reial de Ferran II d'Aragó i Isabel de Castella, els Reis Catòlics. (ca)
  • Les guerres des bandes ou guerras banderizas, aussi connues comme luchas de bandos ou luchas banderizas, sont une série de d'affrontements qui se sont produites sur le territoire de l'actuel Pays basque (Espagne) pendant le Moyen Âge. Ces confrontations ont eu comme protagonistes les différentes lignées de la noblesse rurale basque. (fr)
  • La Guerra delle Bande (basco: Bando gerrak, spagnolo: Guerra de los Bandos) fu una serie estesa di faide di sangue, nei Paesi Baschi occidentali, Guascogna e Navarra nel tardo medioevo. La principale fonte per la guerra è Las Bienandanças e fortunas di , scritto verso il 1471. La guerra prende il nome dalle reti aristocratiche di alleanze familiari e dai loro seguaci armati, conosciuti come bandos (bande), che hanno condotto guerre continue per il potere e l'onore in tre regni. Le guerre cessarono solo con l'imposizione dell'autorità reale sotto Ferdinando II d'Aragona e Isabella di Castiglia, i "re cattolici". (it)
  • Las guerras de bandos o guerras banderizas, también conocidas como luchas de bandos o luchas banderizas, son una serie de enfrentamientos que se dieron en el territorio de lo que hoy es País Vasco y Cantabria a fines de la Edad Media en el último cuarto del siglo XIV. La epidemia de peste de 1350 generó una crisis de la producción agrícola con hambrunas. Muchas zonas rurales quedaron deshabitadas y había que «poblarlas»: es decir, restaurar un orden feudal personificado por un pariente del linaje dominante en la zona que se establecía en el pueblo vacante, lo que provocó conflictos. Fue también una declinación local de la guerra civil castellana, una lucha fratricida en un clima de violencia, entre el rey Pedro el Cruel y su rival Enrique II. La repartición de las territorios del País Vasc (es)
  • Leinu gerrak, bando gerrak edo Erdi Aroko alderdi gerrak Euskal Herrian (batez ere Bizkaian eta Gipuzkoan) Behe Erdi Aroan izan ziren ahaide nagusien arteko gatazkak izan ziren. Bando, leinu edo alderdi horietako kide bakoitzari bandokidea deritzo; eta bandokideak banderiza eratzeko biltzen ziren, hau da, jauntxo bat buru zutela bandera baten inguruan bildutako soldadu taldea. (eu)
  • The War of the Bands (Basque: Bando gerrak, Spanish: Guerra de los Bandos) was a civil war, really an extended series of blood feuds, in the western Basque Country, Gascony, and Navarre in the Late Middle Ages. The main primary source for the War is Las Bienandanças e fortunas by , written c.1471. The war is named after the aristocratic networks of familial alliances and their armed followings, known as bandos (bands), that carried out constant wars for power and honour across three kingdoms. The wars ceased only with the imposition of royal authority under Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, the Catholic Monarchs. (en)
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  • Les guerres de bàndols, també conegudes com a lluites de bàndols, són una sèrie d'enfrontaments que es van donar al territori de l'actual País Basc a la darreria de l'edat mitjana. Aquests enfrontaments van tenir com a protagonistes els diferents llinatges de la noblesa rural basca i van cessar només amb la imposició de l'autoritat reial de Ferran II d'Aragó i Isabel de Castella, els Reis Catòlics. (ca)
  • Leinu gerrak, bando gerrak edo Erdi Aroko alderdi gerrak Euskal Herrian (batez ere Bizkaian eta Gipuzkoan) Behe Erdi Aroan izan ziren ahaide nagusien arteko gatazkak izan ziren. Bando, leinu edo alderdi horietako kide bakoitzari bandokidea deritzo; eta bandokideak banderiza eratzeko biltzen ziren, hau da, jauntxo bat buru zutela bandera baten inguruan bildutako soldadu taldea. Orduko gatazkak hiru motatakoak izan ziren: nobleziaren eta laborarien artekoak, nobleziaren eta hiribilduen artekoak; eta nobleen artekoak. Azken mota horretakoa da, berez, bando gerretan izandakoa. Gaztelako Koroaren pean zeuden herrialdeetako landa lurretako nobleak bi leinuren inguruan bildu ziren: batzuk inguruan, eta besteak inguruan. Horrela sortu ziren bi bandoak: ganboatarrena eta oinaztarrena. Hiriko biztanleen iritziz, nobleak etsaiak, tiranoak eta kriminalak ziren, haien jarduerek kalte handia egiten baitzieten lurralde guztietako gizarteari eta ekonomiari. Zenbait ordenantza ezarri zituzten, leinu horietakoei itunak egitea eta batzea debekatzeko.Nobleak beren errentek behera egin zutela ohartu zirenean, basoak eta herri-lurrak eskuratzen saiatu ziren eta nekazarien ondasunak arpilatu, erre eta lapurtu zituzten. Egoera gero eta larriagoa zenez, nekazariek hiribilduetara emigratzea erabaki zuten. (eu)
  • Las guerras de bandos o guerras banderizas, también conocidas como luchas de bandos o luchas banderizas, son una serie de enfrentamientos que se dieron en el territorio de lo que hoy es País Vasco y Cantabria a fines de la Edad Media en el último cuarto del siglo XIV. La epidemia de peste de 1350 generó una crisis de la producción agrícola con hambrunas. Muchas zonas rurales quedaron deshabitadas y había que «poblarlas»: es decir, restaurar un orden feudal personificado por un pariente del linaje dominante en la zona que se establecía en el pueblo vacante, lo que provocó conflictos. Fue también una declinación local de la guerra civil castellana, una lucha fratricida en un clima de violencia, entre el rey Pedro el Cruel y su rival Enrique II. La repartición de las territorios del País Vasco, norte de Castilla y merindad de Trasmiera entre los señores feudales iniciada por Pedro el Cruel en el famoso Becerro de las Behetrías de Castilla en 1366, no pudo llevarse a cabo por su fratricidio y no quedaron claras las afectaciones de los territorios entre señores. Esta confusión se resolvió a través de una serie de episodios bélicos donde prevalecía la ley del más fuerte, la fecundidad de estos linajes y las alianzas políticas entre clanes. Estos enfrentamientos, que tuvieron como protagonistas a los diferentes linajes de la nobleza rural, cesaron solo con la imposición de la autoridad real de Fernando II de Aragón e Isabel de Castilla, los Reyes Católicos. Gran parte de estos acontecimientos son conocidos gracias a la obra de Lope García de Salazar, en el libro XXI de su obra Bienandanzas e fortunas. (es)
  • Les guerres des bandes ou guerras banderizas, aussi connues comme luchas de bandos ou luchas banderizas, sont une série de d'affrontements qui se sont produites sur le territoire de l'actuel Pays basque (Espagne) pendant le Moyen Âge. Ces confrontations ont eu comme protagonistes les différentes lignées de la noblesse rurale basque. (fr)
  • The War of the Bands (Basque: Bando gerrak, Spanish: Guerra de los Bandos) was a civil war, really an extended series of blood feuds, in the western Basque Country, Gascony, and Navarre in the Late Middle Ages. The main primary source for the War is Las Bienandanças e fortunas by , written c.1471. The war is named after the aristocratic networks of familial alliances and their armed followings, known as bandos (bands), that carried out constant wars for power and honour across three kingdoms. The wars ceased only with the imposition of royal authority under Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, the Catholic Monarchs. The wars resulted partly from the destabilising effect of the Castilian Civil War and the ensuing political weakness of the House of Trastámara. That the Seniory of Biscay effectively ceased to exist after 1370 and was subsumed in 1379 into Castile only exacerbated the effects of political anarchy on Biscay. The rise of the towns, notably Bilbao and Bermeo, caused jockeying for municipal power between the rich urban families. The landed nobility, enfeoffed in the heavily encastellated countryside, nursed feuds that dated back centuries. The and had been enemies since 1270. Many minor noble families were caught in the feuds of the great families by ties of marriage. In 1362, in the early stage of the conflicts, the Legizamon and Zurbarán families fought a battle in the streets of Bilbao. They battled again in the market of Bermeo in 1413. Thereafter until 1433 the fighting between the two bands continued without a truce. The Basurto, who had been enemies of the Legizamon over the rights to a salmon, fought on the side of the Zurbarán. The urban warfare was less fatal than the pitched battles often fought in the countryside: only five men died in a fracas in Bilbao in 1440 and only ten in the streets of Bermeo in 1443. In 1413 a private war broke out between , from the Labourd in the English Duchy of Gascony, and the Navarrese houses of the Espeleta and the Alzate. After the head of the Alzate and his son were killed, of the Gamboa family of Gipuzkoa married his son to the daughter and heiress of the Alzate. In consequence he led an attack on Juan de Sant Pedro to avenge his daughter-in-law's family. He was defeated and killed and 150 men died in the battle. Around 1420 the Gamboinos extended their feuding with an assault by night on the Oñaz family, also of Guipúzcoa. On Christmas, the Oñaz' manor was set alight and the head of the house plus nine others died in the blaze. The Oñaz family lands were then ravaged by the Gamboinos and their allies, but the allies of the Oñaz came to their defence. Of the latter, the Lezcano attacked the Gamboino-allied Balda family and killed its leader. With the end of this little war a whole new network of blood feuds had come into being. The Gamboinos and the Balda fought against the Oñaz and the Lezcano at Zumarraga in 1446. The Oñaz were victorious and burnt the Gamboino fortress at Azkoitia. Seventy men and twelve of the leaders were killed. The families, with every wider networks of allies, engaged again in 1447 and 1448. As early as 1390 and 1393 warring in Biscay had been reduced by the intervention of the royalist hermandades, capable of drawing on the revenues of royal estates. In 1415 the corregidor, the royally-appointed governor of the hermandad, acting on royal orders, siphoned off Biscayan wheat to the Asturias, inciting a rebellion. The Biscayans were defeated at Erandio with the loss of sixty men and the wheat transfers continued. In 1442 the hermandades interfered successfully in Bilbao and Mondragón, but the peace established did not endure. In 1457 the war between the Gamboinos and the Oñaz was brought to an abrupt end when the hermandades rebelled against them both, seized their manors, and expelled their leaders from Guipúzcoa. (en)
  • La Guerra delle Bande (basco: Bando gerrak, spagnolo: Guerra de los Bandos) fu una serie estesa di faide di sangue, nei Paesi Baschi occidentali, Guascogna e Navarra nel tardo medioevo. La principale fonte per la guerra è Las Bienandanças e fortunas di , scritto verso il 1471. La guerra prende il nome dalle reti aristocratiche di alleanze familiari e dai loro seguaci armati, conosciuti come bandos (bande), che hanno condotto guerre continue per il potere e l'onore in tre regni. Le guerre cessarono solo con l'imposizione dell'autorità reale sotto Ferdinando II d'Aragona e Isabella di Castiglia, i "re cattolici". (it)
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