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In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downstep. The symbol for upstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript upward arrow [ꜛ] ([↑]). However, it is common, especially in the early research, to find a superscript (or sometimes subscript) inverted exclamation mark [ꜞ] ([¡]) or [¡], because of typographical constraints. [túránꜛtʃí nè]It's English.

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  • アップステップ (ja)
  • Upstep (en)
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  • アップステップ（英語: upstep）は、音声学において、音節間または単語間で声調が上がる現象を指す。国際音声記号では、アップステップの記号としては、上付きの上向き矢印 [ꜛ] （↑）を使用する。 アップステップの逆の現象はダウンステップと呼ぶ。音声現象としてはダウンステップの方が一般的である。 国際音声学会のハンドブックは、以下のようなハウサ語のアップステップの例を示している。 ただし、ハウサ語のアップステップは予測可能な異音であり、アップステップが音韻的な意味を持つ言語の例は知られていない。 (ja)
  • In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downstep. The symbol for upstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript upward arrow [ꜛ] ([↑]). However, it is common, especially in the early research, to find a superscript (or sometimes subscript) inverted exclamation mark [ꜞ] ([¡]) or [¡], because of typographical constraints. [túránꜛtʃí nè]It's English. (en)
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  • Upstep (en)
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  • アップステップ（英語: upstep）は、音声学において、音節間または単語間で声調が上がる現象を指す。国際音声記号では、アップステップの記号としては、上付きの上向き矢印 [ꜛ] （↑）を使用する。 アップステップの逆の現象はダウンステップと呼ぶ。音声現象としてはダウンステップの方が一般的である。 国際音声学会のハンドブックは、以下のようなハウサ語のアップステップの例を示している。 ただし、ハウサ語のアップステップは予測可能な異音であり、アップステップが音韻的な意味を持つ言語の例は知られていない。 (ja)
  • In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downstep. The symbol for upstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript upward arrow [ꜛ] ([↑]). However, it is common, especially in the early research, to find a superscript (or sometimes subscript) inverted exclamation mark [ꜞ] ([¡]) or [¡], because of typographical constraints. Hausa has upstep because of the interaction of tones when they are placed in context: [túránꜛtʃí nè]It's English. Upstep is superficially similar to pitch reset, which is nearly universal in the prosody of the world's languages. The most common prosodic contours occur in chunks with gradually declining pitch (here transcribed as a global fall, [↘]). Between such chunks, the pitch resets: Been there. Done that.[ꜛbɪn ðɛɹ↘ ꜛdɐn ðæt↘ ] (en)
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  • ꜛ◌ (en)
  • ꜞ◌ (en)
  • ꜟ◌ (en)
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