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A titulus pictus is an ancient Roman commercial inscription made on the surface of certain artefacts, usually the neck of an amphora. Typically, these inscriptions were made in red or black paint. The inscription specifies information such as origin, destination, type of product, and owner. Tituli picti are frequent on ancient Roman pottery containers used for trade. They were not exclusively used for trade. They were also used to provide easily recognizable advertisements and may have served as insurance if a good was damaged in some way. There are around 2,500 tituli picti recorded in CIL IV (the volume of Latin inscriptions from Pompeii and Herculaneum).

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  • Titulus pictus (es)
  • Titulus pictus (it)
  • Titulus pictus (nl)
  • Titulus pictus (pt)
  • Titulus pictus (en)
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  • Titulus pictus es un tipo de inscripción usada en la antigüedad. Se trata de un epígrafe de carácter comercial (especificando por ejemplo origen, destinatario, contenido, etc.) llevado a cabo sobre algún objeto (frecuentemente ánforas). Los tituli picti (forma en plural) se ejecutaban ante coctionem (es decir, antes del horneado de la cerámica), presionando con una estampa sobre la arcilla fresca. Son frecuentes estas inscripciones en los recipientes de comercio de época romana. Algunas de las ánforas grecoitálicas más antiguas de la península ibérica estaban inscritas con tituli picti en griego (como nos demuestran las piezas halladas en el pecio de La Secca de Capistello, en Lipari). (es)
  • Un titulus pictus è un'iscrizione commerciale dipinta sulla superficie di alcuni manufatti (specie anfore); l'iscrizione specifica informazioni quali l'origine, la destinazione, il tipo di prodotto, ecc. I tituli picti sono frequenti sugli antichi contenitori ceramici romani utilizzati per il commercio e, contrariamente ai bolli (impressi prima o dopo la cottura), si cancellano con facilità. (it)
  • A titulus pictus is an ancient Roman commercial inscription made on the surface of certain artefacts, usually the neck of an amphora. Typically, these inscriptions were made in red or black paint. The inscription specifies information such as origin, destination, type of product, and owner. Tituli picti are frequent on ancient Roman pottery containers used for trade. They were not exclusively used for trade. They were also used to provide easily recognizable advertisements and may have served as insurance if a good was damaged in some way. There are around 2,500 tituli picti recorded in CIL IV (the volume of Latin inscriptions from Pompeii and Herculaneum). (en)
  • Titulus pictus é um tipo de inscrição usada na antiguidade. Trata-se de uma epígrafe de caráter comercial (podendo especificar a origem, destinatário, conteúdo, etc.) levada a cabo sobre algum objeto, frequentemente ânforas. Os tituli picti eram grafados ante coctionem (ou seja, antes do forneado da cerâmica), pressionando com uma estampa sobre a argila fresca. São frequentes estas inscrições nos recipientes de comércio da época romana. (pt)
  • Een titulus pictus is een geschilderde inscriptie op het oppervlak van artefacten (zoals amphorae of dolia). Het woord inscriptie is afgeleid van het Latijnse woord scribere (schrijven), met scripsi ('ik heb geschreven') als perfectum. De titulus pictus geeft specifieke informatie over de regio van oorsprong, het type, de maker, de werkplaats (figlina), de eigenaar enz. Tituli picti kunnen informatie geven over de datering van de amfoor en de handel in het Romeinse Rijk. (nl)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tituli_picti_dressel20.jpg
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  • Titulus pictus es un tipo de inscripción usada en la antigüedad. Se trata de un epígrafe de carácter comercial (especificando por ejemplo origen, destinatario, contenido, etc.) llevado a cabo sobre algún objeto (frecuentemente ánforas). Los tituli picti (forma en plural) se ejecutaban ante coctionem (es decir, antes del horneado de la cerámica), presionando con una estampa sobre la arcilla fresca. Son frecuentes estas inscripciones en los recipientes de comercio de época romana. Algunas de las ánforas grecoitálicas más antiguas de la península ibérica estaban inscritas con tituli picti en griego (como nos demuestran las piezas halladas en el pecio de La Secca de Capistello, en Lipari). (es)
  • A titulus pictus is an ancient Roman commercial inscription made on the surface of certain artefacts, usually the neck of an amphora. Typically, these inscriptions were made in red or black paint. The inscription specifies information such as origin, destination, type of product, and owner. Tituli picti are frequent on ancient Roman pottery containers used for trade. They were not exclusively used for trade. They were also used to provide easily recognizable advertisements and may have served as insurance if a good was damaged in some way. There are around 2,500 tituli picti recorded in CIL IV (the volume of Latin inscriptions from Pompeii and Herculaneum). The text of these inscriptions used a wide variety of abbreviations such as primum, excellens, optimum, flos, florum, praecellens, penuarium, and secundarium. It is possible that these epithets were used to convey the quality of the product. These abbreviations were organized into a style consisting of several elements. Numerals were used to indicate the age and weight of the contents and the weight of the container when empty. The measurement of the container's weight would be duplicated by another component of the titulus pictus in the genitive case. There was also a tria nomina indicating the buyer and the seller. The fifth element was the name of the owner. The structure of the titulus pictus differed depending on its usage. The most intricate tituli were for Spanish oil amphorae. Usually, these tituli were painted in black, and indicated the amphora's weight, contents, producer, and owner's name in the genitive case. Wine Tituli from Crete were written in Greek, Latin, or both. These inscriptions informed the reader of the qualities of the wine, the volume of the container, the date, the origin, and the owner (whose name was written in red and the dative case). The colors of the tituli conveyed information about its source. For example, white tituli were used to refer to producers. Red ones meant that the producer was a local producer. Black tituli meant the owners were wholesale traders. Different grammatical cases had different meanings when used in the titulus pictus. The dative case was used to show the recipient or buyer of the good. The genitive case was used to identify the producer and owner of the product. The ablative case was used to identify the consignor of the goods. The nominative case was used to identify the consumer or wholesaler. A container found in Tunisia has a titulus pictus dated between the 4th century and 6th centuries that reads: Container of wine, Mary begets Christ, 22 units of wine. One Cretan titulus pictus found in Capua reads: wine which is owed to Campania, amphora 472 (en)
  • Un titulus pictus è un'iscrizione commerciale dipinta sulla superficie di alcuni manufatti (specie anfore); l'iscrizione specifica informazioni quali l'origine, la destinazione, il tipo di prodotto, ecc. I tituli picti sono frequenti sugli antichi contenitori ceramici romani utilizzati per il commercio e, contrariamente ai bolli (impressi prima o dopo la cottura), si cancellano con facilità. (it)
  • Een titulus pictus is een geschilderde inscriptie op het oppervlak van artefacten (zoals amphorae of dolia). Het woord inscriptie is afgeleid van het Latijnse woord scribere (schrijven), met scripsi ('ik heb geschreven') als perfectum. De titulus pictus geeft specifieke informatie over de regio van oorsprong, het type, de maker, de werkplaats (figlina), de eigenaar enz. Tituli picti kunnen informatie geven over de datering van de amfoor en de handel in het Romeinse Rijk. Tituli picti werden met verf of onoplosbare inkt op vaste posities op de hals en schouder van de amfoor aangebracht tijdens de fase van het bottelen. Hiervoor werd een schrijfdoos (pictaccium) gebruikt die was geïmpregneerd met een vloeistof waardoor het oppervlak gladder werd en de inkt werd gefixeerd. Naast een titulus pictus waren amforen soms voorzien van een titulus scarifatus, een gekraste inscriptie (sgraffito) die vóór of na het bakproces (ante cocturam of post cocturam) werd aangebracht met een stilus of calamus (rietstengel). Monte Testaccio, een grote schervenberg in Rome, bestaat voornamelijk uit olijfolieamforen van het Dressel 20 type. Deze amforen werden gebruikt voor transport over zee vanuit Hispania Baetica naar Rome. Op veel van deze amforen staan tituli picti die kunnen verwijzen naar personen die betrokken waren bij het Romeinse transportwezen, zoals kooplieden (mercatores), olearii, navicularii (schippers) of handelaren, en het consuljaar. De Duitse archeoloog ontwierp een typologie voor amforen (bestaande uit de Griekse letters α, β, γ, δ en ε), die hij in 1899 publiceerde in het vijftiende deel van het CIL XV.[1] De tituli picti op Dressel 20 amforen van de Romeinse waren bedoeld voor taxatie van de inhoud en gaven het tarra- en brutogewicht aan. Naast tituli picti hebben amforen van dit type op het handvat vaak een naamstempel (pottenbakkersstempel) in een rechthoekig kadertje. (nl)
  • Titulus pictus é um tipo de inscrição usada na antiguidade. Trata-se de uma epígrafe de caráter comercial (podendo especificar a origem, destinatário, conteúdo, etc.) levada a cabo sobre algum objeto, frequentemente ânforas. Os tituli picti eram grafados ante coctionem (ou seja, antes do forneado da cerâmica), pressionando com uma estampa sobre a argila fresca. São frequentes estas inscrições nos recipientes de comércio da época romana. Para além das cunhas, na pasta mole da cerâmica, também poderiam ser feitas marcas com a pasta seca, riscando-a com auxílio de um objecto afiado. Outra forma comum consiste na inscrição com recurso a tintas, negras ou vermelhas. (pt)
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