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Spectral evidence is a form of legal evidence based upon the testimony of those who claim to have experienced visions. Such testimony was frequently given during the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries. The alleged victims of witchcraft would claim to have been tormented by the spectral images of certain named members of the community; this was taken as evidence that those named were witches, and had given the Devil permission to assume their appearance. If accepted by a court, this testimony was virtually impossible to refute. However, spectral evidence was rarely used to secure a conviction, as theologians were unable to agree that the Devil could not take on the shape of an innocent person. The debate about the validity of spectral evidence rose to a climax with the Bury St Edmu

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  • 霊的証拠 (ja)
  • Spectral evidence (en)
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  • 霊的証拠（れいてきしょうこ、英: Spectral evidence）は、夢とに基づく証拠の一形態。セイラム魔女裁判において、首席判事ウィリアム・ストートンによって証拠としての能力を承認された。1862年のベリー・セント・エドマンズの魔女裁判の現代的な報告書から取り入れられた小冊子「トライアル・オブ・ウィッチーズ」は、裁判官がそのような証拠が裁判所で使用できるという法的なモデルとなった。 霊的証拠は、告発された魔女の精神（すなわち亡霊）が、夢や幻影（例えば、黒い猫や狼）として目撃者の前に現れたという証言であった。これらの夢や幻影が証拠として認められた。 コットン・マザー牧師は、法的手続に霊的証拠を認めることは妥当であると主張したが、悪魔が無実の人の形をとることも可能であるため、霊的証拠だけでは有罪判決を出すべきではないと警告した。は、この姿勢についてマザーを批判する『目に見えない世界の驚異』を出版した。カレフの本を読んだ後、インクリーズ・マザーはで公然と本を焼却した。 アメリカの法律は後に近代化され、裁判の証拠に亡霊と夢を使用することを除外した。 (ja)
  • Spectral evidence is a form of legal evidence based upon the testimony of those who claim to have experienced visions. Such testimony was frequently given during the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries. The alleged victims of witchcraft would claim to have been tormented by the spectral images of certain named members of the community; this was taken as evidence that those named were witches, and had given the Devil permission to assume their appearance. If accepted by a court, this testimony was virtually impossible to refute. However, spectral evidence was rarely used to secure a conviction, as theologians were unable to agree that the Devil could not take on the shape of an innocent person. The debate about the validity of spectral evidence rose to a climax with the Bury St Edmu (en)
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  • Spectral evidence is a form of legal evidence based upon the testimony of those who claim to have experienced visions. Such testimony was frequently given during the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries. The alleged victims of witchcraft would claim to have been tormented by the spectral images of certain named members of the community; this was taken as evidence that those named were witches, and had given the Devil permission to assume their appearance. If accepted by a court, this testimony was virtually impossible to refute. However, spectral evidence was rarely used to secure a conviction, as theologians were unable to agree that the Devil could not take on the shape of an innocent person. The debate about the validity of spectral evidence rose to a climax with the Bury St Edmunds witch trial of 1662, and the Salem witch trials of 1692–93. (en)
  • 霊的証拠（れいてきしょうこ、英: Spectral evidence）は、夢とに基づく証拠の一形態。セイラム魔女裁判において、首席判事ウィリアム・ストートンによって証拠としての能力を承認された。1862年のベリー・セント・エドマンズの魔女裁判の現代的な報告書から取り入れられた小冊子「トライアル・オブ・ウィッチーズ」は、裁判官がそのような証拠が裁判所で使用できるという法的なモデルとなった。 霊的証拠は、告発された魔女の精神（すなわち亡霊）が、夢や幻影（例えば、黒い猫や狼）として目撃者の前に現れたという証言であった。これらの夢や幻影が証拠として認められた。 コットン・マザー牧師は、法的手続に霊的証拠を認めることは妥当であると主張したが、悪魔が無実の人の形をとることも可能であるため、霊的証拠だけでは有罪判決を出すべきではないと警告した。は、この姿勢についてマザーを批判する『目に見えない世界の驚異』を出版した。カレフの本を読んだ後、インクリーズ・マザーはで公然と本を焼却した。 アメリカの法律は後に近代化され、裁判の証拠に亡霊と夢を使用することを除外した。 (ja)
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