Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a person's behavior (and personal factors, such as cognitive skills or attitudes) can impact the environment.
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| - Reciprocal determinism (en)
- 相互決定論 (zh)
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| - 相互決定論（Reciprocal determinism），是行為科學的理論，由班杜那提出。 根據這個觀點，環境會決定人的行為，人的行為亦會決定環境。環境會塑造一個人的認知結構，像信念及期望。而人的認知結構(信念及期望)又會決定一個人的行為，而人的行為又會改變環境。在這個過程中，這三個元素(認知結構、外顯行為、環境)會互相影響。 他認為上述兩種說法均不完善，若誠如他們所言，便無法了解外界環境和人的內心會產生何種交互作用。事實上人的性格確實會受環境塑造；而後者同時也會依據前者的表現而決定。前面提到的三個因素(行為、性格與環境)應如同「雙向道」般，是互為因果，彼此影響、互相決定的；利用這個原則，班杜拉認為可以解答長久以來在性格歷程中關於因果關係的疑問。 行為遺傳學是一個相對不成熟的領域，它試圖去證明基因和環境二者都對人類行為的個體差異造成影響。 (zh)
- Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a person's behavior (and personal factors, such as cognitive skills or attitudes) can impact the environment. (en)
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| - Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a person's behavior (and personal factors, such as cognitive skills or attitudes) can impact the environment. Bandura was able to show this when he created the Bandura's Box experiment. As an example, Bandura's reciprocal determinism could occur when a child is acting out in school. The child doesn't like going to school; therefore, they act out in class. This results in teachers and administrators of the school disliking having the child around. When confronted by the situation, the child admits they hate school and other peers don't like them. This results in the child acting inappropriately, forcing the administrators who dislike having them around to create a more restrictive environment for children of this stature. Each behavioral and environmental factor coincides with the child and so forth resulting in a continuous battle on all three levels. Reciprocal determinism is the idea that behavior is controlled or determined by the individual, through cognitive processes, and by the environment, through external social stimulus events. The basis of reciprocal determinism should transform individual behavior by allowing subjective thought processes transparency when contrasted with cognitive, environmental, and external social stimulus events. Actions do not go one way or the other, as it is affected by repercussions, meaning one's behavior is complicated and can't be thought of as individual and environmental means. Behavior consist of environmental and individual parts that interlink together to function. Many studies showed reciprocal associations between people and their environments over time. (en)
- 相互決定論（Reciprocal determinism），是行為科學的理論，由班杜那提出。 根據這個觀點，環境會決定人的行為，人的行為亦會決定環境。環境會塑造一個人的認知結構，像信念及期望。而人的認知結構(信念及期望)又會決定一個人的行為，而人的行為又會改變環境。在這個過程中，這三個元素(認知結構、外顯行為、環境)會互相影響。 他認為上述兩種說法均不完善，若誠如他們所言，便無法了解外界環境和人的內心會產生何種交互作用。事實上人的性格確實會受環境塑造；而後者同時也會依據前者的表現而決定。前面提到的三個因素(行為、性格與環境)應如同「雙向道」般，是互為因果，彼此影響、互相決定的；利用這個原則，班杜拉認為可以解答長久以來在性格歷程中關於因果關係的疑問。 行為遺傳學是一個相對不成熟的領域，它試圖去證明基因和環境二者都對人類行為的個體差異造成影響。 (zh)
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